RocG

• Description: trigger enzyme: catabolic glutamate dehydrogenase induced by arginine, ornithine or proline, subject to carbon catabolite repression
  
  

Gene name	rocG
Synonyms
Essential	no
Product	trigger enzyme: glutamate dehydrogenase (major)
Function	arginine utilization, controls the activity of GltC
Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways: Ammonium/ glutamate
MW, pI	46.2 kDa, 6.28
Gene length, protein length	1272 bp, 424 amino acids
Immediate neighbours	rocA, yweA
Get the DNA and protein sequences (Barbe et al., 2009)
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList

Categories containing this gene/protein

utilization of amino acids, trigger enzyme

This gene is a member of the following regulons

AhrC regulon, CcpA regulon, RocR regulon, SigL regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU37790

Phenotypes of a mutant

Poor growth on complex media such as SP (sporulation medium). No growth in minimal media with arginine as the only carbon source. Rapid accumulation of suppressor mutants (gudB1)

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity: L-glutamate + H₂O + NAD⁺ = 2-oxoglutarate + NH₃ + NADH (according to Swiss-Prot) L-glutamate + H(2)O + NAD(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + NH(3) + NADH, controls the activity of the GltC transcription activator PubMed

• Protein family: Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family (according to Swiss-Prot) Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family

• Paralogous protein(s): GudB

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions: RocG-GltC, this interaction prevents transcription activation of the gltA-gltB operon by GltC PubMed

• Localization:

Database entries

• Structure: 3K92 (super-repressor mutant that is capable of constitutive inactivation of GltC, E93K mutation) PubMed

• UniProt: P39633

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number: 1.4.1.2

Expression and regulation

• Operon: rocG PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigL PubMed

• Regulation:
  • induced by arginine (RocR, AhrC), ornithine or proline PubMed
  • subject to carbon catabolite repression (CcpA) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • RocR: transcription activation PubMed
  • AhrC: transcription activation PubMed
  • CcpA: transcription repression PubMed
  • AbrB: transcription repression PubMed

• Additional information:

Activation by RocR requires binding of RocR to a downstream element PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant: GP747 (spc), GP726 (aphA3), GP810 (tet) available in Stülke lab

• Expression vector:
  • expression of native rocG in B. subtilis: pGP529 (in pBQ200), available in Stülke lab
  • for purification of RocG carrying an N-terminal Strep-tag: pGP902 (in pGP172), a series of rocG variants is also available in pGP172, available in Stülke lab

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system: B. pertussis adenylate cyclase-based bacterial two hybrid system (BACTH), available in Stülke lab

• Antibody: available in Stülke lab

Labs working on this gene/protein

Linc Sonenshein, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA Homepage

Jörg Stülke, University of Göttingen, Germany Homepage

References

Enzymatic activity of RocG

Katrin Gunka, Joseph A Newman, Fabian M Commichau, Christina Herzberg, Cecilia Rodrigues, Lorraine Hewitt, Richard J Lewis, Jörg Stülke
Functional dissection of a trigger enzyme: mutations of the bacillus subtilis glutamate dehydrogenase RocG that affect differentially its catalytic activity and regulatory properties.
J Mol Biol: 2010, 400(4);815-27
[PubMed:20630473] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Shigeki Kada, Masahiro Yabusaki, Takayuki Kaga, Hitoshi Ashida, Ken-ichi Yoshida
Identification of two major ammonia-releasing reactions involved in secondary natto fermentation.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem: 2008, 72(7);1869-76
[PubMed:18603778] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Fabian M Commichau, Katrin Gunka, Jens J Landmann, Jörg Stülke
Glutamate metabolism in Bacillus subtilis: gene expression and enzyme activities evolved to avoid futile cycles and to allow rapid responses to perturbations of the system.
J Bacteriol: 2008, 190(10);3557-64
[PubMed:18326565] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Md Iqbal Hassan Khan, Kousuke Ito, Hyeung Kim, Hiroyuki Ashida, Takahiro Ishikawa, Hitoshi Shibata, Yoshihiro Sawa
Molecular properties and enhancement of thermostability by random mutagenesis of glutamate dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem: 2005, 69(10);1861-70
[PubMed:16244435] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Iqbal Hassan Khan, Hyeung Kim, Hiroyuki Ashida, Takahiro Ishikawa, Hitoshi Shibata, Yoshihiro Sawa
Altering the substrate specificity of glutamate dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis by site-directed mutagenesis.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem: 2005, 69(9);1802-5
[PubMed:16195607] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

B R Belitsky, A L Sonenshein
Role and regulation of Bacillus subtilis glutamate dehydrogenase genes.
J Bacteriol: 1998, 180(23);6298-305
[PubMed:9829940] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Function in the control of GltC activity

Katrin Gunka, Joseph A Newman, Fabian M Commichau, Christina Herzberg, Cecilia Rodrigues, Lorraine Hewitt, Richard J Lewis, Jörg Stülke
Functional dissection of a trigger enzyme: mutations of the bacillus subtilis glutamate dehydrogenase RocG that affect differentially its catalytic activity and regulatory properties.
J Mol Biol: 2010, 400(4);815-27
[PubMed:20630473] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Christina Herzberg, Lope Andrés Flórez Weidinger, Bastian Dörrbecker, Sebastian Hübner, Jörg Stülke, Fabian M Commichau
SPINE: a method for the rapid detection and analysis of protein-protein interactions in vivo.
Proteomics: 2007, 7(22);4032-5
[PubMed:17994626] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Fabian M Commichau, Christina Herzberg, Philipp Tripal, Oliver Valerius, Jörg Stülke
A regulatory protein-protein interaction governs glutamate biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis: the glutamate dehydrogenase RocG moonlights in controlling the transcription factor GltC.
Mol Microbiol: 2007, 65(3);642-54
[PubMed:17608797] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Fabian M Commichau, Ingrid Wacker, Jan Schleider, Hans-Matti Blencke, Irene Reif, Philipp Tripal, Jörg Stülke
Characterization of Bacillus subtilis mutants with carbon source-independent glutamate biosynthesis.
J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol: 2007, 12(1-2);106-13
[PubMed:17183217] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Boris R Belitsky, Abraham L Sonenshein
Modulation of activity of Bacillus subtilis regulatory proteins GltC and TnrA by glutamate dehydrogenase.
J Bacteriol: 2004, 186(11);3399-407
[PubMed:15150225] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Expression of rocG

Structural analysis of glutamate dehydrogenase

Katrin Gunka, Joseph A Newman, Fabian M Commichau, Christina Herzberg, Cecilia Rodrigues, Lorraine Hewitt, Richard J Lewis, Jörg Stülke
Functional dissection of a trigger enzyme: mutations of the bacillus subtilis glutamate dehydrogenase RocG that affect differentially its catalytic activity and regulatory properties.
J Mol Biol: 2010, 400(4);815-27
[PubMed:20630473] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

T J Stillman, P J Baker, K L Britton, D W Rice
Conformational flexibility in glutamate dehydrogenase. Role of water in substrate recognition and catalysis.
J Mol Biol: 1993, 234(4);1131-9
[PubMed:8263917] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Bypass of rocG mutations

Lope A Flórez, Katrin Gunka, Rafael Polanía, Stefan Tholen, Jörg Stülke
SPABBATS: A pathway-discovery method based on Boolean satisfiability that facilitates the characterization of suppressor mutants.
BMC Syst Biol: 2011, 5;5
[PubMed:21219666] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)