Biosynthesis of cofactors

Parent categories	2. Metabolism 2.6. Additional metabolic pathways
Neighbouring categories	2.6.1. Biosynthesis of cell wall components 2.6.2. Biosynthesis of cofactors 2.6.3. Phosphate metabolism 2.6.4. Sulfur metabolism 2.6.5. Iron metabolism 2.6.6. Miscellaneous metabolic pathways
Related categories	BirA regulon FMN-box NadR regulon Thi-box
Overview on the categories (Excel file) All genes and their categories (Excel file)

Genes in this functional category

Biosynthesis/ acquisition of biotin

• bioA
• bioB
• bioD
• bioF
• bioI
• bioW
• birA
• yhfU

Biosynthesis/ acquisition of riboflavin/ fad

• ribA
• ribC
• ribD
• ribE
• ribH
• ribT
• ribU

Biosynthesis/ acquisition of thiamine

• dxs
• nifZ
• tenA
• tenI
• thiC
• thiD
• thiE
• thiF
• thiG
• thiL
• thiM
• thiO
• thiS
• thiT
• thiU
• thiV
• thiW
• thiX
• ylmB
• yloS

Biosynthesis/ acquisition of thiamine/ based on similarity

• ytbJ

Biosynthesis of coenzyme a

• coaA
• coaX
• panB
• panC
• panD
• ylbQ
• yloI
• ytaG

Biosynthesis of folate

• dfrA
• folB
• folC
• folE
• folE2
• folK
• pabA
• pabB
• pabC
• sul

Biosynthesis of heme/ siroheme

• ctaA
• ctaB
• ctaO
• gsaB
• hemA
• hemB
• hemC
• hemD
• hemE
• hemH
• hemL
• hemN
• hemQ
• hemX
• hemY
• hemZ
• ylnD
• ylnE
• ylnF

Biosynthesis of lipoic acid

• lipA
• lipM
• lplJ
• lipL
• gcvH

Biosynthesis of menaquinone

• hepS
• hepT
• menA
• menB
• menC
• menD
• menE
• menF
• menH

Biosynthesis of menaquinone/ based on similarity

• ytxM

Biosynthesis of molybdopterin

• moaA
• moaB
• moaD
• moaE
• mobA
• mobB
• moeA
• moeB

Biosynthesis of nad(p)

• nadA
• nadB
• nadC
• nadD
• nadE
• nadF
• nadR
• niaP
• nifS
• ytdI

Biosynthesis of pyridoxal phosphate

• pdxK
• pdxS
• pdxT

Metabolism of cofactors in SubtiPathways

• CoA synthesis

• Folate biosynthesis

• Menaquinone

• Riboflavin and FAD synthesis

• Thiamin synthesis

• Biotin synthesis

Important reviews

Additional reviews: PubMed

Tadhg P Begley, Steven E Ealick, Fred W McLafferty
Thiamin biosynthesis: still yielding fascinating biological chemistry.
Biochem Soc Trans: 2012, 40(3);555-60
[PubMed:22616866] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Charles A Abbas, Andriy A Sibirny
Genetic control of biosynthesis and transport of riboflavin and flavin nucleotides and construction of robust biotechnological producers.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev: 2011, 75(2);321-60
[PubMed:21646432] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

A Marquet, B T Bui, D Florentin
Biosynthesis of biotin and lipoic acid.
Vitam Horm: 2001, 61;51-101
[PubMed:11153271] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Christopher T Jurgenson, Tadhg P Begley, Steven E Ealick
The structural and biochemical foundations of thiamin biosynthesis.
Annu Rev Biochem: 2009, 78;569-603
[PubMed:19348578] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Tadhg P Begley, Abhishek Chatterjee, Jeremiah W Hanes, Amrita Hazra, Steven E Ealick
Cofactor biosynthesis--still yielding fascinating new biological chemistry.
Curr Opin Chem Biol: 2008, 12(2);118-25
[PubMed:18314013] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Ethan Settembre, Tadhg P Begley, Steven E Ealick
Structural biology of enzymes of the thiamin biosynthesis pathway.
Curr Opin Struct Biol: 2003, 13(6);739-47
[PubMed:14675553] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

T P Begley, D M Downs, S E Ealick, F W McLafferty, A P Van Loon, S Taylor, N Campobasso, H J Chiu, C Kinsland, J J Reddick, J Xi
Thiamin biosynthesis in prokaryotes.
Arch Microbiol: 1999, 171(5);293-300
[PubMed:10382260] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)