GerD

• Description: scaffold of the germinosome, required for clustering of germinant receptors in the spore inner membrane
  
  

Gene name	gerD
Synonyms
Essential	no
Product	lipoprotein
Function	germination
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: gerD
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: GerD
MW, pI	20 kDa, 4.862
Gene length, protein length	555 bp, 185 aa
Immediate neighbours	salA, kbaA
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

germination, membrane proteins

This gene is a member of the following regulons

SigF regulon, SigG regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU01550

Phenotypes of a mutant

• defective in germination in response to nutrients PubMed

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU01550

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity: required for clustering of germinant receptors in the spore inner membrane PubMed

• Protein family:

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:
  • has an N-terminal signal sequence and a signal for fixation to lipid PubMed

• Modification:

• Cofactors:

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:
  • forms trimeric rope-like structures PubMed
  • GerD is part of the germinosome in the spore inner membrane PubMed
  • GerD-Lgt to fix GerD to diacylglycerol in the membrane PubMed

• Localization:
  • outer surface of the inner spore membrane PubMed
  • inner spore membrane, spore coat, cortex, germ cell wall, some GerD is also present in the soluble fraction PubMed

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU01550

• Structure: 4O8W PubMed

• UniProt: P16450

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Additional information

• 3,500 molecules are present per spore PubMed

Expression and regulation

• Operon: gerD PubMed

• Expression browser: gerD PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigF PubMed, SigG PubMed

• Regulation:
  • expression level depends on sporulation conditions (medim composition, temperature) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:

• Additional information:
  • 3,500 molecules are present per spore PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant:
  • 1A677 ( gerD::erm), PubMed, available at BGSC
  • 1G17 ( gerD::spec), PubMed, available at BGSC

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody: available in Anne Moir lab

Labs working on this gene/protein

Anne Moir, University of Sheffield, UK

References

Yunfeng Li, Kai Jin, Sonali Ghosh, Parvathimadhavi Devarakonda, Kristina Carlson, Andrew Davis, Kerry-Ann V Stewart, Elizabeth Cammett, Patricia Pelczar Rossi, Barbara Setlow, Min Lu, Peter Setlow, Bing Hao
Structural and functional analysis of the GerD spore germination protein of Bacillus species.
J Mol Biol: 2014, 426(9);1995-2008
[PubMed:24530795] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Kerry-Ann V Stewart, Peter Setlow
Numbers of individual nutrient germinant receptors and other germination proteins in spores of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2013, 195(16);3575-82
[PubMed:23749970] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

George Korza, Peter Setlow
Topology and accessibility of germination proteins in the Bacillus subtilis spore inner membrane.
J Bacteriol: 2013, 195(7);1484-91
[PubMed:23335419] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Kerry-Ann V Stewart, Xuan Yi, Sonali Ghosh, Peter Setlow
Germination protein levels and rates of germination of spores of Bacillus subtilis with overexpressed or deleted genes encoding germination proteins.
J Bacteriol: 2012, 194(12);3156-64
[PubMed:22493018] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Arturo Ramirez-Peralta, Pengfei Zhang, Yong-Qing Li, Peter Setlow
Effects of sporulation conditions on the germination and germination protein levels of Bacillus subtilis spores.
Appl Environ Microbiol: 2012, 78(8);2689-97
[PubMed:22327596] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Xuan Yi, Jintao Liu, James R Faeder, Peter Setlow
Synergism between different germinant receptors in the germination of Bacillus subtilis spores.
J Bacteriol: 2011, 193(18);4664-71
[PubMed:21725007] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Keren K Griffiths, Jingqiao Zhang, Ann E Cowan, Ji Yu, Peter Setlow
Germination proteins in the inner membrane of dormant Bacillus subtilis spores colocalize in a discrete cluster.
Mol Microbiol: 2011, 81(4);1061-77
[PubMed:21696470] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Guiwen Wang, Xuan Yi, Yong-qing Li, Peter Setlow
Germination of individual Bacillus subtilis spores with alterations in the GerD and SpoVA proteins, which are important in spore germination.
J Bacteriol: 2011, 193(9);2301-11
[PubMed:21398556] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Wiyada Mongkolthanaruk, Carl Robinson, Anne Moir
Localization of the GerD spore germination protein in the Bacillus subtilis spore.
Microbiology (Reading): 2009, 155(Pt 4);1146-1151
[PubMed:19332816] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Patricia L Pelczar, Peter Setlow
Localization of the germination protein GerD to the inner membrane in Bacillus subtilis spores.
J Bacteriol: 2008, 190(16);5635-41
[PubMed:18556788] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Patricia L Pelczar, Takao Igarashi, Barbara Setlow, Peter Setlow
Role of GerD in germination of Bacillus subtilis spores.
J Bacteriol: 2007, 189(3);1090-8
[PubMed:17122337] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

E H Kemp, R L Sammons, A Moir, D Sun, P Setlow
Analysis of transcriptional control of the gerD spore germination gene of Bacillus subtilis 168.
J Bacteriol: 1991, 173(15);4646-52
[PubMed:1906867] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

J R Yon, R L Sammons, D A Smith
Cloning and sequencing of the gerD gene of Bacillus subtilis.
J Gen Microbiol: 1989, 135(12);3431-45
[PubMed:2517635] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)