Metabolism of signalling nucleotides

Parent categories	2. Metabolism 2.5. Nucleotide metabolism
Neighbouring categories	2.5.1. Utilization of nucleotides 2.5.2. Biosynthesis/ acquisition of nucleotides 2.5.3. Metabolism of signalling nucleotides 2.5.4. Nucleotide metabolism/ other
Related categories	none
Overview on the categories (Excel file) All genes and their categories (Excel file)

Genes in this functional category

ppGpp synthesis and degradation

• RelA
• YjbM
• YwaC

c-di-AMP synthesis

• DisA
• CdaA
• CdaS

Control of c-di-AMP synthesis

• CdaR controls CdaA activity PubMed
• RadA controls DisA activity PubMed

Note that c-di-AMP is essential for the growth of B. subtilis, but accumulation of the nucleotide is detrimental as well PubMed

c-di-AMP degradation

• GdpP

c-di-GMP degradation (presence of an EAL domain)

• YkoW
• YkuI
• YuxH

c-di-GMP synthesis/ based on similarity (presence of a GGDEF domain)

• GdpP
• YdaK
• YhcK
• YkoW
• YtrP (this enzyme may be inactive due to the lack of important residues)

Targets of signalling nucleotides

• ppGpp targets
  • DnaG
  • GdpP
  • Gmk
  • GuaB
  • HprT

• c-di-GMP targets
  • YpfA (contains a PilZ domain)

• potential c-di-AMP targets
  • KtrA (binds c-di-AMP in vivo) PubMed

Important original publications

Xiaohui Gao, Sampriti Mukherjee, Paige M Matthews, Loubna A Hammad, Daniel B Kearns, Charles E Dann
Functional characterization of core components of the Bacillus subtilis cyclic-di-GMP signaling pathway.
J Bacteriol: 2013, 195(21);4782-92
[PubMed:23893111] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Rebecca M Corrigan, Ivan Campeotto, Tharshika Jeganathan, Kevin G Roelofs, Vincent T Lee, Angelika Gründling
Systematic identification of conserved bacterial c-di-AMP receptor proteins.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2013, 110(22);9084-9
[PubMed:23671116] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Felix M P Mehne, Katrin Gunka, Hinnerk Eilers, Christina Herzberg, Volkhard Kaever, Jörg Stülke
Cyclic di-AMP homeostasis in bacillus subtilis: both lack and high level accumulation of the nucleotide are detrimental for cell growth.
J Biol Chem: 2013, 288(3);2004-17
[PubMed:23192352] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Allison Kriel, Alycia N Bittner, Sok Ho Kim, Kuanqing Liu, Ashley K Tehranchi, Winnie Y Zou, Samantha Rendon, Rui Chen, Benjamin P Tu, Jue D Wang
Direct regulation of GTP homeostasis by (p)ppGpp: a critical component of viability and stress resistance.
Mol Cell: 2012, 48(2);231-41
[PubMed:22981860] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Yaara Oppenheimer-Shaanan, Ezequiel Wexselblatt, Jehoshua Katzhendler, Eylon Yavin, Sigal Ben-Yehuda
c-di-AMP reports DNA integrity during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
EMBO Rep: 2011, 12(6);594-601
[PubMed:21566650] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)