Biofilms are the result of the multicellular lifestyle of B. subtilis. They are characterized by the formation of a matrix polysaccharide and an amyloid-like protein, TasA. Correction of sfp, epsC, swrAA, and degQ as well as introduction of rapP from a plasmid present in NCIB3610 results in biofilm formation in B. subtilis 168 PubMed.

Parent categories	4. Lifestyles 4.1. Exponential and early post-exponential lifestyles
Neighbouring categories	4.1.1. Motility and chemotaxis 4.1.2. Biofilm formation 4.1.3. Genetic competence
Related categories	SinR regulon
Overview on the categories (Excel file) All genes and their categories (Excel file)

Biofilm formation in SubtiPathways

Labs working on biofilm formation

Key genes and operons involved in biofilm formation

matrix polysaccharide synthesis:
- epsA-epsB-epsC-epsD-epsE-epsF-epsG-epsH-epsI-epsJ-epsK-epsL-epsM-epsN-epsO
- galE
amyloid protein synthesis, secretion and assembly
- tapA-sipW-tasA
repellent surface layer
- bslA
regulation
- SlrR
- SlrA
- SinR
- SinI
- KinC
- KinD
- Spo0A
- PtkA
- TkmA
- PtpZ
- DegU
- DegQ
- YmdB
- FtsH
biofilm disassembly (D-amino acids produced by RacX and YlmE and norspermidine produced by GabT and YaaO act together in preventing biofilm formation and triggering biofilm disassembly PubMed)
- RacX
- YlmE
- GabT
- YaaO
other proteins required for biofilm formation
- AmpS
- FloT
- LuxS
- RemA
- RemB
- Rny
- Sfp/1
- Sfp/2
- SpeA
- SwrAA
- YisP
- YlbF
- YmcA
- YvcA
- YwcC
- YxaB

Important original publications

Additional publications: PubMed

James N Wilking, Vasily Zaburdaev, Michael De Volder, Richard Losick, Michael P Brenner, David A Weitz
Liquid transport facilitated by channels in Bacillus subtilis biofilms.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2013, 110(3);848-52
[PubMed:23271809] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

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Key reviews

Additional reviews: PubMed

Biofilm formation

Contents