SpoVAD

• Description: essential for the uptake of the 1:1 chelate of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (DPA(2,6)) and Ca(2+) into developing spores, likely germination protein
  
  

Gene name	spoVAD
Synonyms
Essential	no
Product	binding protein for DPA
Function	likely germination protein
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: spoVAD
Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways: spoVAD
MW, pI	35 kDa, 5.243
Gene length, protein length	1014 bp, 338 aa
Immediate neighbours	spoVAEB, spoVAC
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

germination, membrane proteins

This gene is a member of the following regulons

SigG regulon, SpoVT regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU23410

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU23410

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:
  • maybe involved in spore germination PubMed
  • binding of both DPA(2,6) and Ca(2+)-DPA(2,6) PubMed

• Protein family:

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:

• Localization:
  • outer surface of the inner spore membrane PubMed

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU23410

• Structure: 3LM6

• UniProt: P40869

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Additional information

• 6,500 molecules are present per spore PubMed

Expression and regulation

• Operon: spoVAA-spoVAB-spoVAC-spoVAD-spoVAEB-spoVAEA-spoVAF-lysA PubMed

• Expression browser: spoVAD PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigG PubMed

• Regulation:
  • expressed late during sporulation in the forespore (SigG, SpoVT) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • SpoVT: transcription activation PubMed

• Additional information:
  • 6,500 molecules are present per spore PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

• Peter Setlow, University of Connecticut Health Center, USA

References

Kerry-Ann V Stewart, Peter Setlow
Numbers of individual nutrient germinant receptors and other germination proteins in spores of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2013, 195(16);3575-82
[PubMed:23749970] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

B Setlow, J Yu, Y-Q Li, P Setlow
Analysis of the germination kinetics of individual Bacillus subtilis spores treated with hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite.
Lett Appl Microbiol: 2013, 57(4);259-65
[PubMed:23746146] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

George Korza, Peter Setlow
Topology and accessibility of germination proteins in the Bacillus subtilis spore inner membrane.
J Bacteriol: 2013, 195(7);1484-91
[PubMed:23335419] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Kerry-Ann V Stewart, Xuan Yi, Sonali Ghosh, Peter Setlow
Germination protein levels and rates of germination of spores of Bacillus subtilis with overexpressed or deleted genes encoding germination proteins.
J Bacteriol: 2012, 194(12);3156-64
[PubMed:22493018] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Sonali Ghosh, Michelle Scotland, Peter Setlow
Levels of germination proteins in dormant and superdormant spores of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2012, 194(9);2221-7
[PubMed:22343299] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Yunfeng Li, Andrew Davis, George Korza, Pengfei Zhang, Yong-qing Li, Barbara Setlow, Peter Setlow, Bing Hao
Role of a SpoVA protein in dipicolinic acid uptake into developing spores of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2012, 194(8);1875-84
[PubMed:22328679] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Arturo Ramirez-Peralta, Pengfei Zhang, Yong-Qing Li, Peter Setlow
Effects of sporulation conditions on the germination and germination protein levels of Bacillus subtilis spores.
Appl Environ Microbiol: 2012, 78(8);2689-97
[PubMed:22327596] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Venkata Ramana Vepachedu, Peter Setlow
Analysis of interactions between nutrient germinant receptors and SpoVA proteins of Bacillus subtilis spores.
FEMS Microbiol Lett: 2007, 274(1);42-7
[PubMed:17573930] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Venkata Ramana Vepachedu, Peter Setlow
Role of SpoVA proteins in release of dipicolinic acid during germination of Bacillus subtilis spores triggered by dodecylamine or lysozyme.
J Bacteriol: 2007, 189(5);1565-72
[PubMed:17158659] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Venkata Ramana Vepachedu, Peter Setlow
Localization of SpoVAD to the inner membrane of spores of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2005, 187(16);5677-82
[PubMed:16077113] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Leif Steil, Mónica Serrano, Adriano O Henriques, Uwe Völker
Genome-wide analysis of temporally regulated and compartment-specific gene expression in sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis.
Microbiology (Reading): 2005, 151(Pt 2);399-420
[PubMed:15699190] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Venkata Ramana Vepachedu, Peter Setlow
Analysis of the germination of spores of Bacillus subtilis with temperature sensitive spo mutations in the spoVA operon.
FEMS Microbiol Lett: 2004, 239(1);71-7
[PubMed:15451103] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Federico Tovar-Rojo, Monica Chander, Barbara Setlow, Peter Setlow
The products of the spoVA operon are involved in dipicolinic acid uptake into developing spores of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2002, 184(2);584-7
[PubMed:11751839] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

I Bagyan, J Hobot, S Cutting
A compartmentalized regulator of developmental gene expression in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1996, 178(15);4500-7
[PubMed:8755877] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

V Azevedo, A Sorokin, S D Ehrlich, P Serror
The transcriptional organization of the Bacillus subtilis 168 chromosome region between the spoVAF and serA genetic loci.
Mol Microbiol: 1993, 10(2);397-405
[PubMed:7934830] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

B Moldover, P J Piggot, M D Yudkin
Identification of the promoter and the transcriptional start site of the spoVA operon of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis.
J Gen Microbiol: 1991, 137(3);527-31
[PubMed:1903432] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

J Errington, J Mandelstam
Use of a lacZ gene fusion to determine the dependence pattern and the spore compartment expression of sporulation operon spoVA in spo mutants of Bacillus subtilis.
J Gen Microbiol: 1986, 132(11);2977-85
[PubMed:3114420] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

P Fort, J Errington
Nucleotide sequence and complementation analysis of a polycistronic sporulation operon, spoVA, in Bacillus subtilis.
J Gen Microbiol: 1985, 131(5);1091-105
[PubMed:3926949] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

J Errington, J Mandelstam
Genetic and phenotypic characterization of a cluster of mutations in the spoVA locus of Bacillus subtilis.
J Gen Microbiol: 1984, 130(8);2115-21
[PubMed:6432957] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)