ClpC

• Description: ATP-dependent Clp protease, ATPase subunit of the ClpC-ClpP protease, involved in auto-cleavage of SlrR
  
  

Gene name	clpC
Synonyms	mecB
Essential	no
Product	ATPase subunit of the ClpC-ClpP protease
Function	protein degradation positive regulator of autolysin (LytC and LytD) synthesis
Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways: Stress
MW, pI	89 kDa, 5.746
Gene length, protein length	2430 bp, 810 aa
Immediate neighbours	mcsB, radA
Get the DNA and protein sequences (Barbe et al., 2009)
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU00860

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity: ATPase/chaperone

• Protein family: mecA family (according to Swiss-Prot) clpA/clpB family. ClpC subfamily (according to Swiss-Prot), AAA+ -type ATPase (IPR013093) InterPro (PF07724) PFAM

• Paralogous protein(s): ClpE, ClpX

Targets of ClpC-ClpP-dependent protein degradation

• DegU-P PubMed, MurAA PubMed, ComK, Mdh

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains: AAA-ATPase PFAM

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:
  • the protease: ClpC-ClpP
  • interactions with adaptor proteins of ClpC-ClpP: YpbH-ClpC, McsB-ClpC, MecA-ClpC PubMed

• Localization: cytoplasmic polar clusters, excluded from the nucleoid, induced clustering upon heatshock, colocalization with ClpP Pubmed; forms foci coincident with nucleoid edges, usually near cell poles PubMed

Database entries

• Structure: 2K77 (N-terminal domain)

• UniProt: P37571

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Additional information

• subject to Clp-dependent proteolysis upon glucose starvation PubMed

Expression and regulation

• Operon: ctsR-mcsA-mcsB-clpC-radA-disA PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigA PubMed, SigB PubMed1 PubMed2, SigF PubMed

• Regulation:
  • expressed early during sporulation in the forespore (SigF) PubMed
  • induced by stress (SigB) PubMed
  • induced by heat (CtsR) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • CtsR: transcription repression PubMed1, PubMed2, PubMed3, PubMed4

• Additional information: subject to Clp-dependent proteolysis upon glucose starvation PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant: clpC::tet available from the Hamoen Lab

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion: C-terminal GFP fusions (single copy, also as CFP and YFP variants) available from the Hamoen Lab

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

Leendert Hamoen, Newcastle University, UK homepage

References

Original Publications

Yunrong Chai, Roberto Kolter, Richard Losick
Reversal of an epigenetic switch governing cell chaining in Bacillus subtilis by protein instability.
Mol Microbiol: 2010, 78(1);218-29
[PubMed:20923420] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Mitsuo Ogura, Kensuke Tsukahara
Autoregulation of the Bacillus subtilis response regulator gene degU is coupled with the proteolysis of DegU-P by ClpCP.
Mol Microbiol: 2010, 75(5);1244-59
[PubMed:20070525] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Ziqing Mei, Feng Wang, Yutao Qi, Zhiyuan Zhou, Qi Hu, Han Li, Jiawei Wu, Yigong Shi
Molecular determinants of MecA as a degradation tag for the ClpCP protease.
J Biol Chem: 2009, 284(49);34366-75
[PubMed:19767395] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Douglas J Kojetin, Patrick D McLaughlin, Richele J Thompson, David Dubnau, Peter Prepiak, Mark Rance, John Cavanagh
Structural and motional contributions of the Bacillus subtilis ClpC N-domain to adaptor protein interactions.
J Mol Biol: 2009, 387(3);639-52
[PubMed:19361434] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Jeanette Hahn, Naomi Kramer, Kenneth Briley, David Dubnau
McsA and B mediate the delocalization of competence proteins from the cell poles of Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2009, 72(1);202-15
[PubMed:19226326] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Janine Kirstein, Henrik Strahl, Noël Molière, Leendert W Hamoen, Kürşad Turgay
Localization of general and regulatory proteolysis in Bacillus subtilis cells.
Mol Microbiol: 2008, 70(3);682-94
[PubMed:18786145] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

James Kain, Gina G He, Richard Losick
Polar localization and compartmentalization of ClpP proteases during growth and sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2008, 190(20);6749-57
[PubMed:18689476] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Lyle A Simmons, Alan D Grossman, Graham C Walker
Clp and Lon proteases occupy distinct subcellular positions in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2008, 190(20);6758-68
[PubMed:18689473] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Ulf Gerth, Holger Kock, Ilja Kusters, Stephan Michalik, Robert L Switzer, Michael Hecker
Clp-dependent proteolysis down-regulates central metabolic pathways in glucose-starved Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2008, 190(1);321-31
[PubMed:17981983] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Peter Prepiak, David Dubnau
A peptide signal for adapter protein-mediated degradation by the AAA+ protease ClpCP.
Mol Cell: 2007, 26(5);639-47
[PubMed:17560370] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Janine Kirstein, David A Dougan, Ulf Gerth, Michael Hecker, Kürşad Turgay
The tyrosine kinase McsB is a regulated adaptor protein for ClpCP.
EMBO J: 2007, 26(8);2061-70
[PubMed:17380125] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Janine Kirstein, Tilman Schlothauer, David A Dougan, Hauke Lilie, Gilbert Tischendorf, Axel Mogk, Bernd Bukau, Kürşad Turgay
Adaptor protein controlled oligomerization activates the AAA+ protein ClpC.
EMBO J: 2006, 25(7);1481-91
[PubMed:16525504] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Stephanie T Wang, Barbara Setlow, Erin M Conlon, Jessica L Lyon, Daisuke Imamura, Tsutomu Sato, Peter Setlow, Richard Losick, Patrick Eichenberger
The forespore line of gene expression in Bacillus subtilis.
J Mol Biol: 2006, 358(1);16-37
[PubMed:16497325] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Janine Kirstein, Daniela Zühlke, Ulf Gerth, Kürşad Turgay, Michael Hecker
A tyrosine kinase and its activator control the activity of the CtsR heat shock repressor in B. subtilis.
EMBO J: 2005, 24(19);3435-45
[PubMed:16163393] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Holger Kock, Ulf Gerth, Michael Hecker
MurAA, catalysing the first committed step in peptidoglycan biosynthesis, is a target of Clp-dependent proteolysis in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2004, 51(4);1087-102
[PubMed:14763982] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Ulf Gerth, Janine Kirstein, Jörg Mostertz, Torsten Waldminghaus, Marcus Miethke, Holger Kock, Michael Hecker
Fine-tuning in regulation of Clp protein content in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2004, 186(1);179-91
[PubMed:14679237] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Qi Pan, Richard Losick
Unique degradation signal for ClpCP in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2003, 185(17);5275-8
[PubMed:12923101] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Tilman Schlothauer, Axel Mogk, David A Dougan, Bernd Bukau, Kürşad Turgay
MecA, an adaptor protein necessary for ClpC chaperone activity.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2003, 100(5);2306-11
[PubMed:12598648] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Michiko M Nakano, Shunji Nakano, Peter Zuber
Spx (YjbD), a negative effector of competence in Bacillus subtilis, enhances ClpC-MecA-ComK interaction.
Mol Microbiol: 2002, 44(5);1341-9
[PubMed:12028382] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Marjan Persuh, Ines Mandic-Mulec, David Dubnau
A MecA paralog, YpbH, binds ClpC, affecting both competence and sporulation.
J Bacteriol: 2002, 184(8);2310-3
[PubMed:11914365] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

K Turgay, M Persuh, J Hahn, D Dubnau
Roles of the two ClpC ATP binding sites in the regulation of competence and the stress response.
Mol Microbiol: 2001, 42(3);717-27
[PubMed:11722737] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Q Pan, D A Garsin, R Losick
Self-reinforcing activation of a cell-specific transcription factor by proteolysis of an anti-sigma factor in B. subtilis.
Mol Cell: 2001, 8(4);873-83
[PubMed:11684022] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

A Petersohn, M Brigulla, S Haas, J D Hoheisel, U Völker, M Hecker
Global analysis of the general stress response of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2001, 183(19);5617-31
[PubMed:11544224] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

E Krüger, E Witt, S Ohlmeier, R Hanschke, M Hecker
The clp proteases of Bacillus subtilis are directly involved in degradation of misfolded proteins.
J Bacteriol: 2000, 182(11);3259-65
[PubMed:10809708] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M Persuh, K Turgay, I Mandic-Mulec, D Dubnau
The N- and C-terminal domains of MecA recognize different partners in the competence molecular switch.
Mol Microbiol: 1999, 33(4);886-94
[PubMed:10447896] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

I Derré, G Rapoport, T Msadek
CtsR, a novel regulator of stress and heat shock response, controls clp and molecular chaperone gene expression in gram-positive bacteria.
Mol Microbiol: 1999, 31(1);117-31
[PubMed:9987115] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

K Turgay, J Hahn, J Burghoorn, D Dubnau
Competence in Bacillus subtilis is controlled by regulated proteolysis of a transcription factor.
EMBO J: 1998, 17(22);6730-8
[PubMed:9890793] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

EIke Krüger, Tarek Msadek, Steffen Ohlmeier, Michael Hecker
The Bacillus subtilis clpC operon encodes DNA repair and competence proteins.
Microbiology (Reading): 1997, 143 ( Pt 4);1309-1316
[PubMed:9141693] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

K Turgay, L W Hamoen, G Venema, D Dubnau
Biochemical characterization of a molecular switch involving the heat shock protein ClpC, which controls the activity of ComK, the competence transcription factor of Bacillus subtilis.
Genes Dev: 1997, 11(1);119-28
[PubMed:9000055] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

E Krüger, T Msadek, M Hecker
Alternate promoters direct stress-induced transcription of the Bacillus subtilis clpC operon.
Mol Microbiol: 1996, 20(4);713-23
[PubMed:8793870] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

L Kong, D Dubnau
Regulation of competence-specific gene expression by Mec-mediated protein-protein interaction in Bacillus subtilis.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 1994, 91(13);5793-7
[PubMed:8016067] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

T Msadek, F Kunst, G Rapoport
MecB of Bacillus subtilis, a member of the ClpC ATPase family, is a pleiotropic regulator controlling competence gene expression and growth at high temperature.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 1994, 91(13);5788-92
[PubMed:8016066] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

E Krüger, U Völker, M Hecker
Stress induction of clpC in Bacillus subtilis and its involvement in stress tolerance.
J Bacteriol: 1994, 176(11);3360-7
[PubMed:8195092] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M Roggiani, J Hahn, D Dubnau
Suppression of early competence mutations in Bacillus subtilis by mec mutations.
J Bacteriol: 1990, 172(7);4056-63
[PubMed:2113920] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)