GerAC

• Description: lipoprotein, nutrient receptor, germination response to L-alanine
  
  

Gene name	gerAC
Synonyms
Essential	no
Product	nutrient receptor
Function	germination response to L-alanine
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: gerAC
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: GerAC
MW, pI	42 kDa, 7.302
Gene length, protein length	1119 bp, 373 aa
Immediate neighbours	gerAB, liaR
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

germination, membrane proteins

This gene is a member of the following regulons

SigF regulon, SigG regulon, SpoVT regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU33070

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU33070

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:

• Protein family: gerABKC lipoprotein family (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:
  • has an N-terminal signal sequence, lipidated on a Cys residue adjacent to the signal peptide PubMed

• Modification:

• Cofactors:

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:
  • GerAA-GerAB-GerAC (tentative receptor complex) PubMed
  • GerAC is part of the germinosome in the spore inner membrane PubMed
  • GerAC-Lgt to fix GerAC to diacylglycerol in the membrane PubMed

• Localization: cell membrane (according to Swiss-Prot)
  • outer surface of the inner spore membrane PubMed

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU33070

• Structure:

• UniProt: P07870

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Additional information

• 1,100 molecules are present per spore PubMed

Expression and regulation

• Operon: gerAA-gerAB-gerAC PubMed

• Expression browser: gerAC PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigG PubMed, SigF PubMed

• Regulation:
  • expressed during sporulation in the forespore (SigF, SigG, SpoVT) PubMed
  • expression level depends on sporulation conditions (medim composition, temperature) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • SpoVT: transcription repression PubMed

• Additional information:
  • 1,100 molecules are present per spore PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

References

O M Alzahrani, A Moir
Spore germination and germinant receptor genes in wild strains of Bacillus subtilis.
J Appl Microbiol: 2014, 117(3);741-9
[PubMed:24916603] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Yan Chen, W Keith Ray, Richard F Helm, Stephen B Melville, David L Popham
Levels of germination proteins in Bacillus subtilis dormant, superdormant, and germinating spores.
PLoS One: 2014, 9(4);e95781
[PubMed:24752279] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Kerry-Ann V Stewart, Peter Setlow
Numbers of individual nutrient germinant receptors and other germination proteins in spores of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2013, 195(16);3575-82
[PubMed:23749970] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Jing-qiao Zhang, Keren K Griffiths, Ann Cowan, Peter Setlow, Ji Yu
Expression level of Bacillus subtilis germinant receptors determines the average rate but not the heterogeneity of spore germination.
J Bacteriol: 2013, 195(8);1735-40
[PubMed:23396907] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

George Korza, Peter Setlow
Topology and accessibility of germination proteins in the Bacillus subtilis spore inner membrane.
J Bacteriol: 2013, 195(7);1484-91
[PubMed:23335419] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Kerry-Ann V Stewart, Xuan Yi, Sonali Ghosh, Peter Setlow
Germination protein levels and rates of germination of spores of Bacillus subtilis with overexpressed or deleted genes encoding germination proteins.
J Bacteriol: 2012, 194(12);3156-64
[PubMed:22493018] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Sonali Ghosh, Michelle Scotland, Peter Setlow
Levels of germination proteins in dormant and superdormant spores of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2012, 194(9);2221-7
[PubMed:22343299] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Arturo Ramirez-Peralta, Pengfei Zhang, Yong-Qing Li, Peter Setlow
Effects of sporulation conditions on the germination and germination protein levels of Bacillus subtilis spores.
Appl Environ Microbiol: 2012, 78(8);2689-97
[PubMed:22327596] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Keren K Griffiths, Jingqiao Zhang, Ann E Cowan, Ji Yu, Peter Setlow
Germination proteins in the inner membrane of dormant Bacillus subtilis spores colocalize in a discrete cluster.
Mol Microbiol: 2011, 81(4);1061-77
[PubMed:21696470] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Wiyada Mongkolthanaruk, Gareth R Cooper, Julia S P Mawer, Raymond N Allan, Anne Moir
Effect of amino acid substitutions in the GerAA protein on the function of the alanine-responsive germinant receptor of Bacillus subtilis spores.
J Bacteriol: 2011, 193(9);2268-75
[PubMed:21378197] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Gareth R Cooper, Anne Moir
Amino acid residues in the GerAB protein important in the function and assembly of the alanine spore germination receptor of Bacillus subtilis 168.
J Bacteriol: 2011, 193(9);2261-7
[PubMed:21378181] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Venkata Ramana Vepachedu, Peter Setlow
Analysis of interactions between nutrient germinant receptors and SpoVA proteins of Bacillus subtilis spores.
FEMS Microbiol Lett: 2007, 274(1);42-7
[PubMed:17573930] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Krzysztof Hinc, Krzysztofa Nagórska, Adam Iwanicki, Grzegorz Wegrzyn, Simone J Séror, Michal Obuchowski
Expression of genes coding for GerA and GerK spore germination receptors is dependent on the protein phosphatase PrpE.
J Bacteriol: 2006, 188(12);4373-83
[PubMed:16740944] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Stephanie T Wang, Barbara Setlow, Erin M Conlon, Jessica L Lyon, Daisuke Imamura, Tsutomu Sato, Peter Setlow, Richard Losick, Patrick Eichenberger
The forespore line of gene expression in Bacillus subtilis.
J Mol Biol: 2006, 358(1);16-37
[PubMed:16497325] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Swaroopa Atluri, Katerina Ragkousi, Donna E Cortezzo, Peter Setlow
Cooperativity between different nutrient receptors in germination of spores of Bacillus subtilis and reduction of this cooperativity by alterations in the GerB receptor.
J Bacteriol: 2006, 188(1);28-36
[PubMed:16352818] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Takao Igarashi, Peter Setlow
Interaction between individual protein components of the GerA and GerB nutrient receptors that trigger germination of Bacillus subtilis spores.
J Bacteriol: 2005, 187(7);2513-8
[PubMed:15774895] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Takao Igarashi, Barbara Setlow, Madan Paidhungat, Peter Setlow
Effects of a gerF (lgt) mutation on the germination of spores of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2004, 186(10);2984-91
[PubMed:15126458] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Rosa-Martha Cabrera-Martinez, Federico Tovar-Rojo, Venkata Ramana Vepachedu, Peter Setlow
Effects of overexpression of nutrient receptors on germination of spores of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2003, 185(8);2457-64
[PubMed:12670969] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

I Bagyan, J Hobot, S Cutting
A compartmentalized regulator of developmental gene expression in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1996, 178(15);4500-7
[PubMed:8755877] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

I M Feavers, J Foulkes, B Setlow, D Sun, W Nicholson, P Setlow, A Moir
The regulation of transcription of the gerA spore germination operon of Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 1990, 4(2);275-82
[PubMed:2110996] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

A R Zuberi, A Moir, I M Feavers
The nucleotide sequence and gene organization of the gerA spore germination operon of Bacillus subtilis 168.
Gene: 1987, 51(1);1-11
[PubMed:3110007] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)