Eno

• Description: enolase, glycolytic/ gluconeogenic enzyme, universally conserved protein
  
  

Gene name	eno
Synonyms
Essential	Yes (PubMed)
Product	enolase
Function	enzyme in glycolysis/ gluconeogenesis
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: eno
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: Eno
Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways: Eno
MW, pI	46,4 kDa, 4.49
Gene length, protein length	1290 bp, 430 amino acids
Immediate neighbours	yvbK, pgm
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

carbon core metabolism, essential genes, membrane proteins, phosphoproteins, universally conserved proteins, most abundant proteins

This gene is a member of the following regulons

CggR regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU33900

Phenotypes of a mutant

• no growth on LB, requires glucose and malate
• essential according to Kobayashi et al. on LB PubMed

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU33900

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity: 2-phospho-D-glycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H₂O (according to Swiss-Prot) 2-phospho-D-glycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H(2)O

• Protein family: enolase family (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information: reversible Michaelis-Menten PubMed

• Domains:
  • substrate binding domain (366–369)

• Modification: phosphorylation on Thr-141 AND Ser-259 AND Tyr-281 AND Ser-325 PubMed, PubMed, PubMed

• Cofactors: Mg2+

• Effectors of protein activity:
  • Inhibited by EDTA PubMed

• Interactions:
  • forms octamers PubMed
  • part of the RNA degradosome PubMed
  • Eno-PfkA PubMed, K(D) of the interaction: 40 nM PubMed
  • Eno-Rny PubMed, K(D) of the interaction: 100 nM PubMed
  • Eno-CshA PubMed

• Localization:
  • cytoplasm PubMed
  • membrane associated PubMed
  • exported, this requires a long, unbent α-helix (from A108 to L126) PubMed

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU33900

• Structure:
  • 4A3R PubMed
  • 1W6T (from Streptococcus pneumoniae) PubMed

• UniProt: P37869

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number: 4.2.1.11

Additional information

• Enolase is a moonlighting protein. PubMed
• There are indications that this enzyme is an octamer PubMed
• universally conserved protein
• extensive information on the structure and enzymatic properties of Eno can be found at Proteopedia

Expression and regulation

• Operon:
  • cggR-gapA-pgk-tpiA-pgm-eno PubMed
  • pgk-tpiA-pgm-eno PubMed

• Expression browser: eno PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigA PubMed

• Regulation:
  • expression activated by glucose (3.3 fold) PubMed
  • cggR: induced by glycolytic substrates CggR PubMed
  • pgk: constitutive PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism: transcription repression by CggR PubMed

• Additional information:
  • belongs to the 100 most abundant proteins PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant:
  • GP594 (eno::cat), available in Jörg Stülke's lab, PubMed
  • GP599 (eno::erm), available in Jörg Stülke's lab, PubMed
  • GP698 (eno-pgm::cat), available in Jörg Stülke's lab, PubMed

• Expression vector:
  • pGP1426 (expression of eno in B. subtilis, in pBQ200), available in Jörg Stülke's lab
  • pGP1500 (expression of pgm and eno in B. subtilis, in pBQ200), available in Jörg Stülke's lab
  • pGP563 (N-terminal His-tag, in pWH844), available in Jörg Stülke's lab
  • pGP1276 (N-terminal Strep-tag, purification from E. coli, in pGP172), available in Jörg Stülke's lab
  • pGP93 (N-terminal Strep-tag, purification from B. subtilis, for SPINE, in pGP380), available in Jörg Stülke's lab
  • GP1215 (chromosomal eno-Strep fusion, spc), purification from B. subtilis, for SPINE, available in Jörg Stülke's lab

• lacZ fusion:
  • see pgk

• GFP fusion:
  • pHT315-yfp-eno, available in Mijakovic lab

• two-hybrid system: B. pertussis adenylate cyclase-based bacterial two hybrid system (BACTH), available in Jörg Stülke's lab

• FLAG-tag construct:
  • GP1214 (spc, based on pGP1331), available in Jörg Stülke's lab

• Antibody: available in Jörg Stülke's lab

Labs working on this gene/protein

Jörg Stülke, University of Göttingen, Germany Homepage

References

Reviews

G H Reed, R R Poyner, T M Larsen, J E Wedekind, I Rayment
Structural and mechanistic studies of enolase.
Curr Opin Struct Biol: 1996, 6(6);736-43
[PubMed:8994873] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Subcellular localization of enolase

Chun-Kai Yang, Xiao-Zhou Zhang, Chung-Dar Lu, Phang C Tai
An internal hydrophobic helical domain of Bacillus subtilis enolase is essential but not sufficient as a non-cleavable signal for its secretion.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun: 2014, 446(4);901-5
[PubMed:24642254] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Chun-Kai Yang, Hosam E Ewis, XiaoZhou Zhang, Chung-Dar Lu, Hae-Jin Hu, Yi Pan, Ahmed T Abdelal, Phang C Tai
Nonclassical protein secretion by Bacillus subtilis in the stationary phase is not due to cell lysis.
J Bacteriol: 2011, 193(20);5607-15
[PubMed:21856851] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Carsten Jers, Malene Mejer Pedersen, Dafni Katerina Paspaliari, Wolfgang Schütz, Christina Johnsson, Boumediene Soufi, Boris Macek, Peter Ruhdal Jensen, Ivan Mijakovic
Bacillus subtilis BY-kinase PtkA controls enzyme activity and localization of its protein substrates.
Mol Microbiol: 2010, 77(2);287-99
[PubMed:20497499] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Hannes Hahne, Susanne Wolff, Michael Hecker, Dörte Becher
From complementarity to comprehensiveness--targeting the membrane proteome of growing Bacillus subtilis by divergent approaches.
Proteomics: 2008, 8(19);4123-36
[PubMed:18763711] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Jean-Christophe Meile, Ling Juan Wu, S Dusko Ehrlich, Jeff Errington, Philippe Noirot
Systematic localisation of proteins fused to the green fluorescent protein in Bacillus subtilis: identification of new proteins at the DNA replication factory.
Proteomics: 2006, 6(7);2135-46
[PubMed:16479537] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Grégory Boël, Vianney Pichereau, Ivan Mijakovic, Alain Mazé, Sandrine Poncet, Sylvie Gillet, Jean-Christophe Giard, Axel Hartke, Yanick Auffray, Josef Deutscher
Is 2-phosphoglycerate-dependent automodification of bacterial enolases implicated in their export?
J Mol Biol: 2004, 337(2);485-96
[PubMed:15003462] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Other original publications

Fabian M Commichau, Nico Pietack, Jörg Stülke
Essential genes in Bacillus subtilis: a re-evaluation after ten years.
Mol Biosyst: 2013, 9(6);1068-75
[PubMed:23420519] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Joseph A Newman, Lorraine Hewitt, Cecilia Rodrigues, Alexandra S Solovyova, Colin R Harwood, Richard J Lewis
Dissection of the network of interactions that links RNA processing with glycolysis in the Bacillus subtilis degradosome.
J Mol Biol: 2012, 416(1);121-36
[PubMed:22198292] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Martin Lehnik-Habrink, Joseph Newman, Fabian M Rothe, Alexandra S Solovyova, Cecilia Rodrigues, Christina Herzberg, Fabian M Commichau, Richard J Lewis, Jörg Stülke
RNase Y in Bacillus subtilis: a Natively disordered protein that is the functional equivalent of RNase E from Escherichia coli.
J Bacteriol: 2011, 193(19);5431-41
[PubMed:21803996] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Martin Lehnik-Habrink, Henrike Pförtner, Leonie Rempeters, Nico Pietack, Christina Herzberg, Jörg Stülke
The RNA degradosome in Bacillus subtilis: identification of CshA as the major RNA helicase in the multiprotein complex.
Mol Microbiol: 2010, 77(4);958-71
[PubMed:20572937] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Fabian M Commichau, Fabian M Rothe, Christina Herzberg, Eva Wagner, Daniel Hellwig, Martin Lehnik-Habrink, Elke Hammer, Uwe Völker, Jörg Stülke
Novel activities of glycolytic enzymes in Bacillus subtilis: interactions with essential proteins involved in mRNA processing.
Mol Cell Proteomics: 2009, 8(6);1350-60
[PubMed:19193632] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Christine Eymann, Dörte Becher, Jörg Bernhardt, Katrin Gronau, Anja Klutzny, Michael Hecker
Dynamics of protein phosphorylation on Ser/Thr/Tyr in Bacillus subtilis.
Proteomics: 2007, 7(19);3509-26
[PubMed:17726680] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Laurent Jannière, Danielle Canceill, Catherine Suski, Sophie Kanga, Bérengère Dalmais, Roxane Lestini, Anne-Françoise Monnier, Jérôme Chapuis, Alexander Bolotin, Marina Titok, Emmanuelle Le Chatelier, S Dusko Ehrlich
Genetic evidence for a link between glycolysis and DNA replication.
PLoS One: 2007, 2(5);e447
[PubMed:17505547] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Boris Macek, Ivan Mijakovic, Jesper V Olsen, Florian Gnad, Chanchal Kumar, Peter R Jensen, Matthias Mann
The serine/threonine/tyrosine phosphoproteome of the model bacterium Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Cell Proteomics: 2007, 6(4);697-707
[PubMed:17218307] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Stefanie Ehinger, Wolf-Dieter Schubert, Simone Bergmann, Sven Hammerschmidt, Dirk W Heinz
Plasmin(ogen)-binding alpha-enolase from Streptococcus pneumoniae: crystal structure and evaluation of plasmin(ogen)-binding sites.
J Mol Biol: 2004, 343(4);997-1005
[PubMed:15476816] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Christine Eymann, Annette Dreisbach, Dirk Albrecht, Jörg Bernhardt, Dörte Becher, Sandy Gentner, Le Thi Tam, Knut Büttner, Gerrit Buurman, Christian Scharf, Simone Venz, Uwe Völker, Michael Hecker
A comprehensive proteome map of growing Bacillus subtilis cells.
Proteomics: 2004, 4(10);2849-76
[PubMed:15378759] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Hans-Matti Blencke, Georg Homuth, Holger Ludwig, Ulrike Mäder, Michael Hecker, Jörg Stülke
Transcriptional profiling of gene expression in response to glucose in Bacillus subtilis: regulation of the central metabolic pathways.
Metab Eng: 2003, 5(2);133-49
[PubMed:12850135] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

H Ludwig, G Homuth, M Schmalisch, F M Dyka, M Hecker, J Stülke
Transcription of glycolytic genes and operons in Bacillus subtilis: evidence for the presence of multiple levels of control of the gapA operon.
Mol Microbiol: 2001, 41(2);409-22
[PubMed:11489127] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

C K Brown, P L Kuhlman, S Mattingly, K Slates, P J Calie, W W Farrar
A model of the quaternary structure of enolases, based on structural and evolutionary analysis of the octameric enolase from Bacillus subtilis.
J Protein Chem: 1998, 17(8);855-66
[PubMed:9988532] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M A Leyva-Vazquez, P Setlow
Cloning and nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding triose phosphate isomerase, phosphoglycerate mutase, and enolase from Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1994, 176(13);3903-10
[PubMed:8021172] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

R P Singh, P Setlow
Enolase from spores and cells of Bacillus megaterium: two-step purification of the enzyme and some of its properties.
J Bacteriol: 1978, 134(1);353-5
[PubMed:25885] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)