FlhG

• Description: GTPase activating protein, activates FlhF, activates assembly of the flagellar C ring, control of flagellar basal body position
  
  

Gene name	flhG
Synonyms	ylxH
Essential	no
Product	GTPase activating protein
Function	activation of FlhF
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: flhG
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: FlhG
MW, pI	33 kDa, 9.648
Gene length, protein length	894 bp, 298 aa
Immediate neighbours	flhF, cheB
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

motility and chemotaxis, resistance against toxins/ antibiotics

This gene is a member of the following regulons

CodY regulon, DegU regulon, SigD regulon, Spo0A regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU16410

Phenotypes of a mutant

• susceptible to acriflavine and ethidium bromide, and severe growth inhibition as surfactin concentration increased up to 100ug/ml.

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU16410

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:
  • binds FlhF and stimulates its GTPase activity PubMed
  • controls the distance between the flagellar bodies PubMed

• Protein family: View classification (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:
  • forms homodimers PubMed
  • FlhG-FlhF (FlhG binds the GTP-bound homodimer of FlhF) PubMed
  • FlhG-(FliY-FliM)-FliG PubMed

• Localization: cytoplasm (homogeneous) and flagellar basal body PubMed

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU16410

• Structure:
  • 4RZ3 (from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans) PubMed
  • 3SYN (complex with FlhF) PubMed

• UniProt:
  • P40742
  • 3SYN (complex with FlhF) PubMed

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: part of the fla-che operon
  • flgB-flgC-fliE-fliF-fliG-fliH-fliI-fliJ-ylxF-fliK-flgD-flgE-fliL-fliM-fliY-cheY-fliZ-fliP-fliQ-fliR-flhB-flhA-flhF-flhG-cheB-cheA-cheW-cheC-cheD-sigD-swrB PubMed
  • ylxF-fliK-flgD-flgE-fliL-fliM-fliY-cheY-fliZ-fliP-fliQ-fliR-flhB-flhA-flhF-flhG-cheB-cheA-cheW-cheC-cheD-sigD-swrB PubMed

• Expression browser: ylxH PubMed

• Sigma factor:
  • flgB: SigA PubMed, SigD PubMed
  • ylxF: SigD PubMed

• Regulation: see fla-che operon

• Regulatory mechanism: see fla-che operon

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

References

Reviews

Jan S Schuhmacher, Kai M Thormann, Gert Bange
How bacteria maintain location and number of flagella?
FEMS Microbiol Rev: 2015, 39(6);812-22
[PubMed:26195616] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Original Publications

Jan S Schuhmacher, Florian Rossmann, Felix Dempwolff, Carina Knauer, Florian Altegoer, Wieland Steinchen, Anja K Dörrich, Andreas Klingl, Milena Stephan, Uwe Linne, Kai M Thormann, Gert Bange
MinD-like ATPase FlhG effects location and number of bacterial flagella during C-ring assembly.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2015, 112(10);3092-7
[PubMed:25733861] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Serena Mordini, Cecilia Osera, Simone Marini, Francesco Scavone, Riccardo Bellazzi, Alessandro Galizzi, Cinzia Calvio
The role of SwrA, DegU and P(D3) in fla/che expression in B. subtilis.
PLoS One: 2013, 8(12);e85065
[PubMed:24386445] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Sarah B Guttenplan, Sidney Shaw, Daniel B Kearns
The cell biology of peritrichous flagella in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2013, 87(1);211-29
[PubMed:23190039] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Gert Bange, Nico Kümmerer, Przemyslaw Grudnik, Robert Lindner, Georg Petzold, Dieter Kressler, Ed Hurt, Klemens Wild, Irmgard Sinning
Structural basis for the molecular evolution of SRP-GTPase activation by protein.
Nat Struct Mol Biol: 2011, 18(12);1376-80
[PubMed:22056770] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Kazuo Kobayashi
Gradual activation of the response regulator DegU controls serial expression of genes for flagellum formation and biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2007, 66(2);395-409
[PubMed:17850253] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Jean-Christophe Meile, Ling Juan Wu, S Dusko Ehrlich, Jeff Errington, Philippe Noirot
Systematic localisation of proteins fused to the green fluorescent protein in Bacillus subtilis: identification of new proteins at the DNA replication factory.
Proteomics: 2006, 6(7);2135-46
[PubMed:16479537] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

H Werhane, P Lopez, M Mendel, M Zimmer, G W Ordal, L M Márquez-Magaña
The last gene of the fla/che operon in Bacillus subtilis, ylxL, is required for maximal sigmaD function.
J Bacteriol: 2004, 186(12);4025-9
[PubMed:15175317] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Daniel B Kearns, Frances Chu, Rivka Rudner, Richard Losick
Genes governing swarming in Bacillus subtilis and evidence for a phase variation mechanism controlling surface motility.
Mol Microbiol: 2004, 52(2);357-69
[PubMed:15066026] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Virginie Molle, Masaya Fujita, Shane T Jensen, Patrick Eichenberger, José E González-Pastor, Jun S Liu, Richard Losick
The Spo0A regulon of Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2003, 50(5);1683-701
[PubMed:14651647] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

W Estacio, S S Anna-Arriola, M Adedipe, L M Márquez-Magaña
Dual promoters are responsible for transcription initiation of the fla/che operon in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1998, 180(14);3548-55
[PubMed:9657996] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

L M Márquez-Magaña, M J Chamberlin
Characterization of the sigD transcription unit of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1994, 176(8);2427-34
[PubMed:8157612] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)