Germination

Parent categories	4. Lifestyles 4.2. Sporulation and Germination
Neighbouring categories	4.2.1. Sporulation proteins 4.2.2. Phosphorelay 4.2.3. Sporulation/ other 4.2.4. Germination
Related categories	SigK regulon GerE regulon germinosome
Overview on the categories (Excel file) All genes and their categories (Excel file)

Genes in this functional category

Germinant receptors

• gerAA
• gerAB
• gerAC
• gerBA
• gerBB
• gerBC
• gerKA
• gerKB
• gerKC
• gerKD

Additional germination proteins

• csgA
• cwlJ
• gdh
• gerD
• gerE
• gerM
• gerPA
• gerPB
• gerPC
• gerPD
• gerPE
• gerPF
• gerQ
• gerT
• gerW
• gpr
• lgt
• lipC
• prkC
• sleB
• spoVAD
• spoVAEA
• spoVAEB
• tepA
• ykvU
• ylzJ
• ynzB
• ypeB
• ywcE

Additional candidates (based on similarity)

• yfkQ
• yfkR
• yfkS
• yfkT
• yndD
• yndE
• yndF

Important original publications

George Korza, Barbara Setlow, Lei Rao, Qiao Li, Peter Setlow
Changes in Bacillus Spore Small Molecules, rRNA, Germination, and Outgrowth after Extended Sublethal Exposure to Various Temperatures: Evidence that Protein Synthesis Is Not Essential for Spore Germination.
J Bacteriol: 2016, 198(24);3254-3264
[PubMed:27645383] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Alexander Sturm, Jonathan Dworkin
Phenotypic Diversity as a Mechanism to Exit Cellular Dormancy.
Curr Biol: 2015, 25(17);2272-7
[PubMed:26279233] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Katja Nagler, Ralf Moeller
Systematic investigation of germination responses of Bacillus subtilis spores in different high-salinity environments.
FEMS Microbiol Ecol: 2015, 91(5);
[PubMed:25764471] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Stephanie Luu, Jose Cruz-Mora, Barbara Setlow, Florence E Feeherry, Christopher J Doona, Peter Setlow
The effects of heat activation on Bacillus spore germination, with nutrients or under high pressure, with or without various germination proteins.
Appl Environ Microbiol: 2015, 81(8);2927-38
[PubMed:25681191] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Lior Sinai, Alex Rosenberg, Yoav Smith, Einat Segev, Sigal Ben-Yehuda
The molecular timeline of a reviving bacterial spore.
Mol Cell: 2015, 57(4);695-707
[PubMed:25661487] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Shiwei Wang, Peter Setlow, Yong-Qing Li
Slow leakage of Ca-dipicolinic acid from individual bacillus spores during initiation of spore germination.
J Bacteriol: 2015, 197(6);1095-103
[PubMed:25583976] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Pengfei Zhang, Jintao Liang, Xuan Yi, Peter Setlow, Yong-Qing Li
Monitoring of commitment, blocking, and continuation of nutrient germination of individual Bacillus subtilis spores.
J Bacteriol: 2014, 196(13);2443-54
[PubMed:24769693] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Katja Nagler, Peter Setlow, Yong-Qing Li, Ralf Moeller
High salinity alters the germination behavior of Bacillus subtilis spores with nutrient and nonnutrient germinants.
Appl Environ Microbiol: 2014, 80(4);1314-21
[PubMed:24317076] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Kerry-Ann V Stewart, Peter Setlow
Numbers of individual nutrient germinant receptors and other germination proteins in spores of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2013, 195(16);3575-82
[PubMed:23749970] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

B Setlow, J Yu, Y-Q Li, P Setlow
Analysis of the germination kinetics of individual Bacillus subtilis spores treated with hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite.
Lett Appl Microbiol: 2013, 57(4);259-65
[PubMed:23746146] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Rachna Pandey, Alex Ter Beek, Norbert O E Vischer, Jan P P M Smelt, Stanley Brul, Erik M M Manders
Live cell imaging of germination and outgrowth of individual bacillus subtilis spores; the effect of heat stress quantitatively analyzed with SporeTracker.
PLoS One: 2013, 8(3);e58972
[PubMed:23536843] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Kerry-Ann V Stewart, Xuan Yi, Sonali Ghosh, Peter Setlow
Germination protein levels and rates of germination of spores of Bacillus subtilis with overexpressed or deleted genes encoding germination proteins.
J Bacteriol: 2012, 194(12);3156-64
[PubMed:22493018] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Important reviews

Anne Moir, Gareth Cooper
Spore Germination.
Microbiol Spectr: 2015, 3(6);
[PubMed:27337279] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Frédérique Pompeo, Elodie Foulquier, Anne Galinier
Impact of Serine/Threonine Protein Kinases on the Regulation of Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
Front Microbiol: 2016, 7;568
[PubMed:27148245] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P e)

Jonathan Dworkin, Ishita M Shah
Exit from dormancy in microbial organisms.
Nat Rev Microbiol: 2010, 8(12);890-6
[PubMed:20972452] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

A Moir
How do spores germinate?
J Appl Microbiol: 2006, 101(3);526-30
[PubMed:16907803] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Peter Setlow
Spore germination.
Curr Opin Microbiol: 2003, 6(6);550-6
[PubMed:14662349] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

A Moir, B M Corfe, J Behravan
Spore germination.
Cell Mol Life Sci: 2002, 59(3);403-9
[PubMed:11964118] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)