PhoP

• Description: two-component response regulator (OmpR family), regulation of phosphate metabolism
  
  

Gene name	phoP
Synonyms
Essential	no
Product	two-component response regulator (OmpR family)
Function	regulation of phosphate metabolism (phoA, phoB, phoD, resABCDE, tagA-tagB, tagDEF, tuaA-H)
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: phoP
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: PhoP
Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways: phoP
MW, pI	27 kDa, 5.068
Gene length, protein length	720 bp, 240 aa
Immediate neighbours	phoR, mdh
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

phosphate metabolism, transcription factors and their control, regulators of core metabolism, sporulation proteins, general stress proteins (controlled by SigB), membrane proteins, phosphoproteins

This gene is a member of the following regulons

CcpA regulon, PhoP regulon, SigB regulon, SigE regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU29110

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU29110

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:

• Protein family: OmpR family of two-component response regulators

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification: phosphorylation by PhoR under conditions of phosphate limitation (stimulates DNA-binding activity)

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity: phosphorylation stimulates DNA-binding activity

• Interactions: PhoP-PhoP, PhoP-PhoR

• Localization: cell membrane (according to Swiss-Prot)

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU29110

• Structure: 1MVO (receiver domain)

• UniProt: P13792

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: phoP-phoR PubMed

• Expression browser: phoP PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigA PubMed, SigB PubMed, SigE PubMed

• Regulation:
  • carbon catabolite repression (CcpA) PubMed
  • expressed under conditions of phosphate limitation (PhoP) PubMed
  • expressed in post-exponential phase (ScoC) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • CcpA: transcription repression PubMed
  • PhoP: transcription activation PubMed
  • ScoC: transcription repression PubMed

• Additional information:
  • number of protein molecules per cell (minimal medium with glucose and ammonium): 90 PubMed
  • number of protein molecules per cell (complex medium with amino acids, without glucose): 706 PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant:
  • 1A966 ( phoP::tet), PubMed, available at BGSC

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

Marion Hulett, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA Homepage

References

Regulation of phoP-phoR expression

Bindiya Kaushal, Salbi Paul, F Marion Hulett
Direct regulation of Bacillus subtilis phoPR transcription by transition state regulator ScoC.
J Bacteriol: 2010, 192(12);3103-13
[PubMed:20382764] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Ankita Puri-Taneja, Salbi Paul, Yinghua Chen, F Marion Hulett
CcpA causes repression of the phoPR promoter through a novel transcription start site, P(A6).
J Bacteriol: 2006, 188(4);1266-78
[PubMed:16452408] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Salbi Paul, Stephanie Birkey, Wei Liu, F Marion Hulett
Autoinduction of Bacillus subtilis phoPR operon transcription results from enhanced transcription from EsigmaA- and EsigmaE-responsive promoters by phosphorylated PhoP.
J Bacteriol: 2004, 186(13);4262-75
[PubMed:15205429] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Zoltán Prágai, Nicholas E E Allenby, Nicola O'Connor, Sarah Dubrac, Georges Rapoport, Tarek Msadek, Colin R Harwood
Transcriptional regulation of the phoPR operon in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2004, 186(4);1182-90
[PubMed:14762014] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Hans-Matti Blencke, Georg Homuth, Holger Ludwig, Ulrike Mäder, Michael Hecker, Jörg Stülke
Transcriptional profiling of gene expression in response to glucose in Bacillus subtilis: regulation of the central metabolic pathways.
Metab Eng: 2003, 5(2);133-49
[PubMed:12850135] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Biochemical analyses

Inga Jende, Kottayil I Varughese, Kevin M Devine
Amino acid identity at one position within the alpha1 helix of both the histidine kinase and the response regulator of the WalRK and PhoPR two-component systems plays a crucial role in the specificity of phosphotransfer.
Microbiology (Reading): 2010, 156(Pt 6);1848-1859
[PubMed:20167622] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Amr Eldakak, F Marion Hulett
Cys303 in the histidine kinase PhoR is crucial for the phosphotransfer reaction in the PhoPR two-component system in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2007, 189(2);410-21
[PubMed:17085571] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Yinghua Chen, Wael R Abdel-Fattah, F Marion Hulett
Residues required for Bacillus subtilis PhoP DNA binding or RNA polymerase interaction: alanine scanning of PhoP effector domain transactivation loop and alpha helix 3.
J Bacteriol: 2004, 186(5);1493-502
[PubMed:14973033] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Yinghua Chen, Catherine Birck, Jean-Pierre Samama, F Marion Hulett
Residue R113 is essential for PhoP dimerization and function: a residue buried in the asymmetric PhoP dimer interface determined in the PhoPN three-dimensional crystal structure.
J Bacteriol: 2003, 185(1);262-73
[PubMed:12486063] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Catherine Birck, Yinghua Chen, F Marion Hulett, Jean-Pierre Samama
The crystal structure of the phosphorylation domain in PhoP reveals a functional tandem association mediated by an asymmetric interface.
J Bacteriol: 2003, 185(1);254-61
[PubMed:12486062] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

L Shi, W Liu, F M Hulett
Decay of activated Bacillus subtilis pho response regulator, PhoP approximately P, involves the PhoR approximately P intermediate.
Biochemistry: 1999, 38(31);10119-25
[PubMed:10433720] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Y Qi, F M Hulett
PhoP-P and RNA polymerase sigmaA holoenzyme are sufficient for transcription of Pho regulon promoters in Bacillus subtilis: PhoP-P activator sites within the coding region stimulate transcription in vitro.
Mol Microbiol: 1998, 28(6);1187-97
[PubMed:9680208] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Wei Liu, F Marion Hulett
Comparison of PhoP binding to the tuaA promoter with PhoP binding to other Pho-regulon promoters establishes a Bacillus subtilis Pho core binding site.
Microbiology (Reading): 1998, 144 ( Pt 5);1443-1450
[PubMed:9611818] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Targets of PhoR

Additional publications: PubMed

Other original publications

Matthew Schau, Amr Eldakak, F Marion Hulett
Terminal oxidases are essential to bypass the requirement for ResD for full Pho induction in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2004, 186(24);8424-32
[PubMed:15576792] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

C Fabret, V A Feher, J A Hoch
Two-component signal transduction in Bacillus subtilis: how one organism sees its world.
J Bacteriol: 1999, 181(7);1975-83
[PubMed:10094672] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)