LevD

• Description: fructose-specific phosphotransferase system, EIIA component
  
  

Gene name	levD
Synonyms	sacL
Essential	no
Product	fructose-specific phosphotransferase system, EIIA component
Function	fructose uptake and phosphorylation
MW, pI	16 kDa, 4.479
Gene length, protein length	438 bp, 146 aa
Immediate neighbours	levE, levR
Get the DNA and protein sequences (Barbe et al., 2009)
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList

The gene

Basic information

• Coordinates:

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: no entry

• SubtiList entry: [1]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:

• Protein family: PTS permease, mannose permease (Man) family PubMed

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:

• Localization: cytoplasm (according to Swiss-Prot)

Database entries

• Structure:

• Swiss prot entry: P26379

• KEGG entry: [2]

• E.C. number: 2.7.1.69

Expression and regulation

• Operon: levD-levE-levF-levG-sacC

• Sigma factor: SigL

• Regulation: repressed by glucose (CcpA) , carbon catabolite repression, induction by fructose (LevR)

• Regulatory mechanism: CcpA: transcription repression, catabolite repression: transcription repression by CcpA, transcription activator LevR is less active in the presence of glucose

induction: transcription activation by LevR

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

References

1. Reizer et al. (1999) Novel phosphotransferase system genes revealed by genome analysis - the complete complement of PTS proteins encoded within the genome of Bacillus subtilis. Microbiology 145: 3419-3429 PubMed

1. Martin-Verstraete, I., Débarbouillé, M., Klier, A., and Rapoport, G. (1990) Levanase operon of Bacillus subtilis includes a fructose-specific phosphotransferase system regulating the expression of the operon. J Mol Biol 214: 657-671. PubMed
2. Martin-Verstraete, I. M. Débarbouillé, A. Klier, and G. Rapoport. 1992. Mutagenesis of the Bacillus subtilis ˝-12, -24˝ promoter of the levanase operon and evidence for the existence of an upstream activating sequence. J. Mol. Biol. 226: 85-99. PubMed
3. Stülke, J., Martin-Verstraete, I., Charrier, V., Klier, A., Deutscher, J. & Rapoport, G. (1995) The HPr protein of the phosphotransferase system links induction and catabolite repression of the Bacillus subtilis levanase operon. J. Bacteriol. 177: 6928-6936. PubMed
4. Martin-Verstraete, I., Stülke, J., Klier, A. & Rapoport, G. (1995) Two different mechanisms mediate catabolite repression of the Bacillus subtilis levanase operon. J. Bacteriol. 177: 6919-6927. PubMed
5. Martin-Verstraete, I., Charrier, V., Stülke, J., Galinier, A., Erni, B., Rapoport, G., & Deutscher, J. (1998) Antagonistic effects of dual PTS catalyzed phosphorylation on the Bacillus subtilis transcriptional activator LevR. Mol. Microbiol. 28: 293-303. PubMed
6. Charrier V, Deutscher J, Martin-Verstraete I (1997b) Protein phosphorylation chain of a Bacillus subtilis fructose-specific phosphotransferase system and its participation in regulation of the expression of the lev operon. Biochemistry 36:1163-1172. PubMed
7. Author1, Author2 & Author3 (year) Title Journal volume: page-page. PubMed