SwrAA/1

• Description: modulator of DegU activity, converts DegU-P from a repressor to an activator of the fla/che operon, enhances sigD transcription, controls the number of flagellar basal bodies, inactive pseudogene in strain 168
  
  

Gene name	swrAA/1
Synonyms	yvzD, swrAA, ifm
Essential	no
Product	swarming motility protein
Function	control of DegU activity
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: swrAA/1
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: SwrA
MW, pI	- , -
Gene length, protein length	336 bp, -
Immediate neighbours	minJ, swrAA/2
Gene sequence (+200bp)	Protein sequence
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

biofilm formation, motility and chemotaxis, transcription factors and their control, pseudogenes

This gene is a member of the following regulons

DegU regulon, SigD regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU35230

Phenotypes of a mutant

• loss of swarming motility PubMed

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU35230

• DBTBS entry: no entry

• SubtiList entry: [1]

Additional information

• This protein is functional in undomesticated strains of B.subtilis but not in laboratory strains, such as 168, because of a frameshift mutation. Therefore laboratory strains of B.subtilis are unable to swarm.
• The frameshift in strain 168 is caused by a single insertion of an adenine in the codon for Tyr-12 which leads to the premature truncation of the protein in residue 13. In addition, the C-terminal section of swrAA was predicted to be an ORF (yvzD) by the genome project.
• Correction of sfp, epsC, swrAA, and degQ as well as introduction of rapP from a plasmid present in NCIB3610 results in biofilm formation in B. subtilis 168 PubMed

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:
  • interacts with the N-terminal domain of DegU to control the activity of DegU PubMed
• Protein family:

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:
  • SwrA-DegU-P (N-terminal domain) PubMed
  • SwrA-SmiA PubMed
  • LonA-SwrA (degradation) PubMed

• Localization: cytoplasm (according to Swiss-Prot)

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU35230

• Structure:

• Swiss prot entry: O32266

• KEGG entry: [2]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: swrAA-minJ PubMed

• Expression browser: swrAA/1 PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigD PubMed, SigA PubMed

• Regulation:

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • DegU-P: transcription activation (SigA promoter) PubMed

• Additional information:
  • SwrA levels are 3 ... 10-fold increased on solid medium as compared to liquid medium (due to LonA/SmiA-mediated degradation of SwrA in liquid medium) PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

References

Original publications

Sampriti Mukherjee, Anna C Bree, Jing Liu, Joyce E Patrick, Peter Chien, Daniel B Kearns
Adaptor-mediated Lon proteolysis restricts Bacillus subtilis hyperflagellation.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2015, 112(1);250-5
[PubMed:25538299] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Serena Mordini, Cecilia Osera, Simone Marini, Francesco Scavone, Riccardo Bellazzi, Alessandro Galizzi, Cinzia Calvio
The role of SwrA, DegU and P(D3) in fla/che expression in B. subtilis.
PLoS One: 2013, 8(12);e85065
[PubMed:24386445] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Sarah B Guttenplan, Sidney Shaw, Daniel B Kearns
The cell biology of peritrichous flagella in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2013, 87(1);211-29
[PubMed:23190039] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Emilia Ghelardi, Sara Salvetti, Mara Ceragioli, Sokhna A Gueye, Francesco Celandroni, Sonia Senesi
Contribution of surfactin and SwrA to flagellin expression, swimming, and surface motility in Bacillus subtilis.
Appl Environ Microbiol: 2012, 78(18);6540-4
[PubMed:22773650] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Mitsuo Ogura, Kensuke Tsukahara
SwrA regulates assembly of Bacillus subtilis DegU via its interaction with N-terminal domain of DegU.
J Biochem: 2012, 151(6);643-55
[PubMed:22496484] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Loralyn M Cozy, Andrew M Phillips, Rebecca A Calvo, Ashley R Bate, Yi-Huang Hsueh, Richard Bonneau, Patrick Eichenberger, Daniel B Kearns
SlrA/SinR/SlrR inhibits motility gene expression upstream of a hypersensitive and hysteretic switch at the level of σ(D) in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2012, 83(6);1210-28
[PubMed:22329926] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Kassem Hamze, Sabine Autret, Krzysztof Hinc, Soumaya Laalami, Daria Julkowska, Romain Briandet, Margareth Renault, Cédric Absalon, I Barry Holland, Harald Putzer, Simone J Séror
Single-cell analysis in situ in a Bacillus subtilis swarming community identifies distinct spatially separated subpopulations differentially expressing hag (flagellin), including specialized swarmers.
Microbiology (Reading): 2011, 157(Pt 9);2456-2469
[PubMed:21602220] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Anna L McLoon, Sarah B Guttenplan, Daniel B Kearns, Roberto Kolter, Richard Losick
Tracing the domestication of a biofilm-forming bacterium.
J Bacteriol: 2011, 193(8);2027-34
[PubMed:21278284] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Joyce E Patrick, Daniel B Kearns
Laboratory strains of Bacillus subtilis do not exhibit swarming motility.
J Bacteriol: 2009, 191(22);7129-33
[PubMed:19749039] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Cecilia Osera, Giuseppe Amati, Cinzia Calvio, Alessandro Galizzi
SwrAA activates poly-gamma-glutamate synthesis in addition to swarming in Bacillus subtilis.
Microbiology (Reading): 2009, 155(Pt 7);2282-2287
[PubMed:19389763] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Cinzia Calvio, Cecilia Osera, Giuseppe Amati, Alessandro Galizzi
Autoregulation of swrAA and motility in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2008, 190(16);5720-8
[PubMed:18567663] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Daniel B Kearns, Richard Losick
Cell population heterogeneity during growth of Bacillus subtilis.
Genes Dev: 2005, 19(24);3083-94
[PubMed:16357223] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Nicola R Stanley, Beth A Lazazzera
Defining the genetic differences between wild and domestic strains of Bacillus subtilis that affect poly-gamma-dl-glutamic acid production and biofilm formation.
Mol Microbiol: 2005, 57(4);1143-58
[PubMed:16091050] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Cinzia Calvio, Francesco Celandroni, Emilia Ghelardi, Giuseppe Amati, Sara Salvetti, Fabrizio Ceciliani, Alessandro Galizzi, Sonia Senesi
Swarming differentiation and swimming motility in Bacillus subtilis are controlled by swrA, a newly identified dicistronic operon.
J Bacteriol: 2005, 187(15);5356-66
[PubMed:16030230] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Daniel B Kearns, Frances Chu, Rivka Rudner, Richard Losick
Genes governing swarming in Bacillus subtilis and evidence for a phase variation mechanism controlling surface motility.
Mol Microbiol: 2004, 52(2);357-69
[PubMed:15066026] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Daniel B Kearns, Richard Losick
Swarming motility in undomesticated Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2003, 49(3);581-90
[PubMed:12864845] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)