Difference between revisions of "GapA"

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{{SubtiWiki category|[[essential genes]]}},
 
{{SubtiWiki category|[[essential genes]]}},
 
{{SubtiWiki category|[[membrane proteins]]}},
 
{{SubtiWiki category|[[membrane proteins]]}},
−
{{SubtiWiki category|[[phosphoproteins]]}}
+
{{SubtiWiki category|[[phosphoproteins]]}},
 +
[[most abundant proteins]]
  
 
= This gene is a member of the following [[regulons]] =
 
= This gene is a member of the following [[regulons]] =
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=== Additional information===
 
=== Additional information===
−
 
−
 
  
 
=The protein=
 
=The protein=
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* '''Kinetic information:''' Michaelis-Menten [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/10799476 PubMed]
 
* '''Kinetic information:''' Michaelis-Menten [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/10799476 PubMed]
  
−
* '''Domains:'''  
+
* '''[[Domains]]:'''  
  
 
* '''Modification:'''  
 
* '''Modification:'''  
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** Cys152-Cys156 form intramolecular disulfide in response to disulfide stress (diamide, NaOCl-stress) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/21749987 PubMed]
 
** Cys152-Cys156 form intramolecular disulfide in response to disulfide stress (diamide, NaOCl-stress) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/21749987 PubMed]
  
−
* '''Cofactor(s):''' NAD<sup>+</sup> (does not accept NADP<sup>+</sup>) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/10799476 PubMed]
+
* '''[[Cofactors]]:''' NAD<sup>+</sup> (does not accept NADP<sup>+</sup>) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/10799476 PubMed]
  
 
* '''Effectors of protein activity:'''
 
* '''Effectors of protein activity:'''
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* '''Additional information:'''  
 
* '''Additional information:'''  
−
** GapA is one of the most abundant proteins in the cell. In the presence of glucose, there are about 25,000 GapA molecules per cell ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/12634343 PubMed]).
+
** GapA is one of the most abundant proteins in the cell. In the presence of glucose, there are about 25,000 GapA molecules per cell ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/12634343 PubMed])
 +
** belongs to the 100 [[most abundant proteins]] {{PubMed|15378759}}
 
** The primary mRNAs of the operon are highly unstable. The primary mRNA is subject to processing at the very end of the ''[[cggR]]'' open reading frame. This results in stable mature ''[[gapA]]'' and ''[[gapA]]-[[pgk]]-[[tpiA]]-[[pgm]]-[[eno]]'' mRNAs. {{PubMed|11489127}}  The processing event requires the [[Rny|RNase Y]] {{PubMed|19193632}}.
 
** The primary mRNAs of the operon are highly unstable. The primary mRNA is subject to processing at the very end of the ''[[cggR]]'' open reading frame. This results in stable mature ''[[gapA]]'' and ''[[gapA]]-[[pgk]]-[[tpiA]]-[[pgm]]-[[eno]]'' mRNAs. {{PubMed|11489127}}  The processing event requires the [[Rny|RNase Y]] {{PubMed|19193632}}.
 
**  The accumulation of the ''[[cggR]]-[[gapA]]'' mRNA is strongly dependent on the presence of the [[YkzW]] peptide, due to stabilization of the mRNA {{PubMed|20444087}}.
 
**  The accumulation of the ''[[cggR]]-[[gapA]]'' mRNA is strongly dependent on the presence of the [[YkzW]] peptide, due to stabilization of the mRNA {{PubMed|20444087}}.
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=References=
 
=References=
−
<pubmed>22517742 23420519 22740702,23034808 21815947  21749987,12850135,19193632, 18673455 , 20444087 17726680, 16479537, 12622823, 12359717,10799476,17505547,11489127, 12123463,17218307, 12634343, 17142398, 17114254,10559165     </pubmed>
+
<pubmed>22517742 23420519 22740702,23034808 21815947  21749987,12850135,19193632, 18673455 , 20444087 17726680, 16479537, 12622823, 12359717,10799476,17505547,11489127, 12123463,17218307, 12634343, 17142398, 17114254,10559165 15378759  </pubmed>
  
 
[[Category:Protein-coding genes]]
 
[[Category:Protein-coding genes]]

Revision as of 12:53, 5 March 2014

  • Description: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent, glycolytic enzyme, forms a transhydrogenation cycle with GapB for balancing of NADPH

Gene name gapA
Synonyms
Essential Yes (PubMed)
Product glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Function catabolic enzyme in glycolysis
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: gapA
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: GapA
Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways:
gapA
MW, pI 35.7 kDa, 5.03
Gene length, protein length 1005 bp, 335 amino acids
Immediate neighbours pgk, cggR
Sequences Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context
GapA context.gif
This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed
GapA expression.png
















Categories containing this gene/protein

carbon core metabolism, essential genes, membrane proteins, phosphoproteins, most abundant proteins

This gene is a member of the following regulons

CggR regulon

The gene

Basic information

  • Locus tag: BSU33940

Phenotypes of a mutant

Database entries

  • DBTBS entry: [1]
  • SubtiList entry:[2]

Additional information

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

  • Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + phosphate + NAD+ = 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + NADH (according to Swiss-Prot)
    • This reaction is part of the glycolysis.
  • Protein family: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family (according to Swiss-Prot)
  • Paralogous protein(s): GapB

Extended information on the protein

  • Kinetic information: Michaelis-Menten PubMed
  • Modification:
    • phosphorylated on Arg-199 PubMed
    • Phosphorylation on (Ser-148 OR Ser-151 OR Thr-153 OR Thr-154) PubMed1, PubMed2
    • Reversible thiol modifications after exposure to toxic quinones PubMed
    • Cys152-Cys156 form intramolecular disulfide in response to disulfide stress (diamide, NaOCl-stress) PubMed
  • Effectors of protein activity:

Database entries

  • Structure:
    • 1GD1 (from Geobacillus stearothermophilus)
    • 1NQO (from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, mutant with cys 149 replaced by ser, complex with NAD+ und D-Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate)
  • KEGG entry: [3]

Additional information

  • GAP dehydrogenases from different sources (incl. Geobacillus stearothermophilus) were shown to cleave RNA (PubMed)
  • Moreover, mutations in gapA from B. subtilis can suppress mutations in genes involved in DNA replication (PubMed).
  • extensive information on the structure and enzymatic properties of GapA can be found at Proteopedia

Expression and regulation

  • Regulation:
    • expression activated by glucose (10 fold) (CggR) PubMed
  • Regulatory mechanism:
  • Additional information:
    • GapA is one of the most abundant proteins in the cell. In the presence of glucose, there are about 25,000 GapA molecules per cell (PubMed)
    • belongs to the 100 most abundant proteins PubMed
    • The primary mRNAs of the operon are highly unstable. The primary mRNA is subject to processing at the very end of the cggR open reading frame. This results in stable mature gapA and gapA-pgk-tpiA-pgm-eno mRNAs. PubMed The processing event requires the RNase Y PubMed.
    • The accumulation of the cggR-gapA mRNA is strongly dependent on the presence of the YkzW peptide, due to stabilization of the mRNA PubMed.
    • the mRNA is substantially stabilized upon depletion of RNase Y PubMed

Biological materials

  • GFP fusion:
  • two-hybrid system: B. pertussis adenylate cyclase-based bacterial two hybrid system (BACTH), available in Jörg Stülke's lab

Labs working on this gene/protein

Stephane Aymerich, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, INRA Paris-Grignon, France

Jörg Stülke, University of Göttingen, Germany homepage

Your additional remarks

References

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