MreC

• Description: MreC is a cell shape determining protein, it couples the cytosolic MreB and MreB-like proteins to the extracellular peptidoglycan-synthesizing machinery
  
  

Gene name	mreC
Synonyms
Essential	yes PubMed
Product	cell shape-determining protein
Function	cell shape determation
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: mreC
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: MreC
MW, pI	32 kDa, 6.248
Gene length, protein length	870 bp, 290 aa
Immediate neighbours	mreD, mreB
Get the DNA and protein sequences (Barbe et al., 2009)
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

cell shape, cell envelope stress proteins (controlled by SigM, V, W, X, Y), essential genes, membrane proteins

This gene is a member of the following regulons

SigM regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU28020

Phenotypes of a mutant

• mreC is essential under normal conditions PubMed.
• Depletion of MreC leads to a progressive increase in the width and a decrease in the length of the cell. This shape defect is consistent with a role for mreC in cell wall synthesis during elongation and has a similar phenotype to other genes with roles in elongation like rodA and the redundant gene pair pbpA and pbpH.
  • Electron microscopy of cells depleted of MreC shows regions of the cell where a thick and irregular cell wall has accumulated PubMed.
  • mreC can be deleted provided that 0.5 M sucrose and 20 mM Mg(2+) is provided in the media, mreC is therefore conditionally essentail. The phenotype of the mreC deletion in these conditions is one characterised by extreamly fat and bloated cells that tend to grow in clusters PubMed.

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

Additional information

Function

MreC functions in cell wall synthesis by, together with the MreB cytoskeleton, localizing the cell wall synthetic machinery to the correct part of the cell. MreC therefore ensures that the cell wall is made in the correct way to maintain the proper shape of the cell.

MreC in other organisms

MreC has been studied in other organisms where it has been shown to be important in cell shape determination.

• Escherichia coli PubMed PubMed
• Caulobacter cresentus PubMed PubMed
• Rhodobacter spheroides PubMed
• Streptomyces coelicolor PubMed

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity: None/ structural protein

• Protein family: mreC family (according to Swiss-Prot) COG1793

• Paralogous protein(s): None

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains: Intracellular N-terminus, transmembrane domain, Coiled coil domain and C-terminal beta-sheet domain.

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Interactions:
  • part of the cell wall biosynthetic complex PubMed
  • MreC-MreD, interacts also with a subset of the PBPs PubMed

• Localization:
  • trans-membrane protein PubMed
  • during logarithmic growth, MreD forms discrete patches thst move processively along peripheral tracks perpendicular to the cell axis PubMed
  • forms transverse bands as cells enter the stationary phase PubMed
  • reports on helical structures formed by MreC PubMed seem to be misinterpretation of data PubMed

Database entries

• Structure:
  • 2J5U: MreC from Listeria monocytogenes PubMed
  • 2QF4: MreC monomer from Streptococcus pneumoniae PubMed
  • 2QF5: MreC dimer from Streptococcus pneumoniae PubMed

• UniProt: Q01466

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon:
  • radC-mreB-mreC-mreD-minC-minD PubMed
  • mreB-mreC-mreD-minC-minD PubMed

• Expression browser: mreC PubMed

• Sigma factor:
  • radC: SigM PubMed

• Regulation:
  • expression is reduced in a SigV mutant PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant: A non-polar inframe deletion strain named 3481 and a xylose dependent conditional mutant named 3461 is avaliable from the Errington lab PubMed.

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion: A functional N-terminal GFP fusion has been made where the fusion protein is the only copy of the gene in the cell: strain 3417 PubMed.

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody: antisera raised in rabit is avaliable from the Errington lab.

Labs working on this gene/protein

Jeff Errington, Newcastle University, UK homepage

Peter Graumann, Freiburg University, Germany homepage

Your additional remarks

mreC is an abbreviation of murein region e, gene C

References

Localization

Ethan C Garner, Remi Bernard, Wenqin Wang, Xiaowei Zhuang, David Z Rudner, Tim Mitchison
Coupled, circumferential motions of the cell wall synthesis machinery and MreB filaments in B. subtilis.
Science: 2011, 333(6039);222-5
[PubMed:21636745] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Julia Domínguez-Escobar, Arnaud Chastanet, Alvaro H Crevenna, Vincent Fromion, Roland Wedlich-Söldner, Rut Carballido-López
Processive movement of MreB-associated cell wall biosynthetic complexes in bacteria.
Science: 2011, 333(6039);225-8
[PubMed:21636744] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Henrik Strahl, Leendert W Hamoen
Membrane potential is important for bacterial cell division.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2010, 107(27);12281-6
[PubMed:20566861] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Other original publications

Additional publications: PubMed

Annika Kyburz, Vytautas Raulinaitis, Outi Koskela, Vesa Kontinen, Perttu Permi, Ilkka Kilpelainen, Raili Seppala
1H, 13C and 15N resonance assignments of the major extracytoplasmic domain of the cell shape-determining protein MreC from Bacillus subtilis.
Biomol NMR Assign: 2010, 4(2);235-8
[PubMed:20623345] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Kathrin Schirner, Jeff Errington
Influence of heterologous MreB proteins on cell morphology of Bacillus subtilis.
Microbiology (Reading): 2009, 155(Pt 11);3611-3621
[PubMed:19643765] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Emma J Hayhurst, Lekshmi Kailas, Jamie K Hobbs, Simon J Foster
Cell wall peptidoglycan architecture in Bacillus subtilis.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2008, 105(38);14603-8
[PubMed:18784364] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Warawan Eiamphungporn, John D Helmann
The Bacillus subtilis sigma(M) regulon and its contribution to cell envelope stress responses.
Mol Microbiol: 2008, 67(4);830-48
[PubMed:18179421] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Alex Formstone, Rut Carballido-López, Philippe Noirot, Jeffery Errington, Dirk-Jan Scheffers
Localization and interactions of teichoic acid synthetic enzymes in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2008, 190(5);1812-21
[PubMed:18156271] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Felipe O Bendezú, Piet A J de Boer
Conditional lethality, division defects, membrane involution, and endocytosis in mre and mrd shape mutants of Escherichia coli.
J Bacteriol: 2008, 190(5);1792-811
[PubMed:17993535] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Fusinita van den Ent, Mark Leaver, Felipe Bendezu, Jeff Errington, Piet de Boer, Jan Löwe
Dimeric structure of the cell shape protein MreC and its functional implications.
Mol Microbiol: 2006, 62(6);1631-42
[PubMed:17427287] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Peter M Slovak, Steven L Porter, Judith P Armitage
Differential localization of Mre proteins with PBP2 in Rhodobacter sphaeroides.
J Bacteriol: 2006, 188(5);1691-700
[PubMed:16484180] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Natalie A Dye, Zachary Pincus, Julie A Theriot, Lucy Shapiro, Zemer Gitai
Two independent spiral structures control cell shape in Caulobacter.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2005, 102(51);18608-13
[PubMed:16344481] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Arun V Divakaruni, Rachel R Ogorzalek Loo, Yongming Xie, Joseph A Loo, James W Gober
The cell-shape protein MreC interacts with extracytoplasmic proteins including cell wall assembly complexes in Caulobacter crescentus.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2005, 102(51);18602-7
[PubMed:16344480] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Mark Leaver, Jeff Errington
Roles for MreC and MreD proteins in helical growth of the cylindrical cell wall in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2005, 57(5);1196-209
[PubMed:16101995] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Thomas Kruse, Jette Bork-Jensen, Kenn Gerdes
The morphogenetic MreBCD proteins of Escherichia coli form an essential membrane-bound complex.
Mol Microbiol: 2005, 55(1);78-89
[PubMed:15612918] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Joong-Chul Lee, George C Stewart
Essential nature of the mreC determinant of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2003, 185(15);4490-8
[PubMed:12867458] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

A Burger, K Sichler, G Kelemen, M Buttner, W Wohlleben
Identification and characterization of the mre gene region of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2).
Mol Gen Genet: 2000, 263(6);1053-60
[PubMed:10954092] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S Lee, C W Price
The minCD locus of Bacillus subtilis lacks the minE determinant that provides topological specificity to cell division.
Mol Microbiol: 1993, 7(4);601-10
[PubMed:8459776] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

P A Levin, P S Margolis, P Setlow, R Losick, D Sun
Identification of Bacillus subtilis genes for septum placement and shape determination.
J Bacteriol: 1992, 174(21);6717-28
[PubMed:1400224] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)