Two-component systems

Two component systems are signal transduction systems that consist of a sensor kinase and a response regulator (usually a transcription factor). The kinase autophosphorylates on a His residue (more preciely, one subunit of the dimeric kinase phosphorylates the His residue of the other subunit), and the phosphate group can then be transferred to an aspartate residue in the cognate response regulator. Some response regulators can also autophosphorylate using acety-phosphate as the phosphate donor. More complex signal transduction systems of this class are called phosphorelay. The paradigm for a phosphorelay is the pathway leading to the phosphorylation of Spo0A.

Two-component systems in B. subtilis (kinase, regulator)

• NarL-family
  • ComP, ComA
  • DegS, DegU
  • DesK, DesR
  • LiaS, LiaR
  • YdfH, YdfI
  • YfiJ, YfiK
  • YhcY, YhcZ
  • YvfT, YvfU
  • YxjM, YxjL

• OmpR family
  • BceS, BceR
  • CssS, CssR
  • NatK, NatR
  • PhoR, PhoP
  • PsdS, PsdR
  • ResE, ResD
  • WalK, WalR: the only essential two-component system!
  • YbdK, YbdJ
  • YcbM, YcbL
  • YclK, YclJ
  • YkoH, YkoG
  • YrkQ, YrkP
  • YvrG, YvrHb
  • YxdK, YxdJ

• CheY family
  • CheA, CheY

• DctR family
  • CitS, CitT
  • DctS, DctR
  • GlnK, GlnL
  • MalK, MalR

• LytT family
  • LytS, LytT
  • YesM, YesN
  • YwpD (orphan kinase)

• Orphan response regulator
  • YneI

The phosphorelay

• Kinases
  • KinA
  • KinB
  • KinC
  • KinD
  • KinE

• Phosphotransferases
  • Spo0F
  • Spo0B

• The ultimate target
  • Spo0A

Related lists

• phosphorelay
• response regulator aspartate phosphatases
• phosphoproteins
• protein kinases and phosphatases

Important original publications

Sebastian Dintner, Anna Staron, Evi Berchtold, Tobias Petri, Thorsten Mascher, Susanne Gebhard
Coevolution of ABC transporters and two-component regulatory systems as resistance modules against antimicrobial peptides in Firmicutes Bacteria.
J Bacteriol: 2011, 193(15);3851-62
[PubMed:21665979] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)