LevD

• Description: fructose-specific phosphotransferase system, EIIA component
  
  

Gene name	levD
Synonyms	sacL
Essential	no
Product	fructose-specific phosphotransferase system, EIIA component
Function	fructose uptake and phosphorylation
MW, pI	16 kDa, 4.479
Gene length, protein length	438 bp, 146 aa
Immediate neighbours	levE, levR
Gene sequence (+200bp)	Protein sequence
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList

The gene

Basic information

• Coordinates:

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: no entry

• SubtiList entry: [1]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:

• Protein family:

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:

• Localization:

Database entries

• Structure:

• Swiss prot entry:

• KEGG entry: [2]

• E.C. number: 2.7.1.69

Expression and regulation

• Operon: levD-levE-levF-levG-sacC

• Sigma factor: SigL

• Regulation: repressed by glucose (CcpA) , carbon catabolite repression, induction by fructose

• Regulatory mechanism: CcpA: transcription repression, catabolite repression: transcription repression by CcpA, transcription activator LevR is less active in the presence of glucose; induction: transcription activation by LevR

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

References

1. Blencke et al. (2003) Transcriptional profiling of gene expression in response to glucose in Bacillus subtilis: regulation of the central metabolic pathways. Metab Eng. 5: 133-149
2. Martin-Verstraete, I., Débarbouillé, M., Klier, A., and Rapoport, G. (1990) Levanase operon of Bacillus subtilis includes a fructose-specific phosphotransferase system regulating the expression of the operon. J Mol Biol 214: 657-671. PubMed
3. Martin-Verstraete, I. M. Débarbouillé, A. Klier, and G. Rapoport. 1992. Mutagenesis of the Bacillus subtilis ˝-12, -24˝ promoter of the levanase operon and evidence for the existence of an upstream activating sequence. J. Mol. Biol. 226: 85-99. PubMed
4. Stülke, J., Martin-Verstraete, I., Charrier, V., Klier, A., Deutscher, J. & Rapoport, G. (1995) The HPr protein of the phosphotransferase system links induction and catabolite repression of the Bacillus subtilis levanase operon. J. Bacteriol. 177: 6928-6936. PubMed
5. Martin-Verstraete, I., Stülke, J., Klier, A. & Rapoport, G. (1995) Two different mechanisms mediate catabolite repression of the Bacillus subtilis levanase operon. J. Bacteriol. 177: 6919-6927. PubMed
6. Martin-Verstraete, I., Charrier, V., Stülke, J., Galinier, A., Erni, B., Rapoport, G., & Deutscher, J. (1998) Antagonistic effects of dual PTS catalyzed phosphorylation on the Bacillus subtilis transcriptional activator LevR. Mol. Microbiol. 28: 293-303. PubMed
7. Charrier V, Deutscher J, Martin-Verstraete I (1997b) Protein phosphorylation chain of a Bacillus subtilis fructose-specific phosphotransferase system and its participation in regulation of the expression of the lev operon. Biochemistry 36:1163-1172. PubMed
8. Author1, Author2 & Author3 (year) Title Journal volume: page-page. PubMed