Fur

• Description: transcription regulator of iron homoeostasis
  
  

Gene name	fur
Synonyms	yqkL
Essential	no
Product	transcriptional repressor Fur family
Function	regulation of iron homoeostasis and transcription of ferri-siderophore uptake genes
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: fur and transcription of ferri-siderophore uptake genes
Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways: Metal ion homeostasis, fur
MW, pI	17 kDa, 5.374
Gene length, protein length	447 bp, 149 aa
Immediate neighbours	yqzK, spoIIM
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

• acquisition of iron,

iron metabolism, transcription factors and their control

• see also: glutamate metabolism

This gene is a member of the following regulons

PerR regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU23520

Phenotypes of a mutant

• no growth with glucose and ammonium as single sources of carbon and nitrogen, respectively (due to FsrA-mediated repression of the gltA-gltB operon) PubMed
• poor frowth on lactate as single carbon source (due to overexpression of FsrA-mediated repression of the lutA-lutB-lutC operon, can be suppressed by inactivation of fsrA or fbpB) PubMed
• transcription profile of a fur mutant strain: GEO PubMed

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU23520

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

• GEO entry: GEO PubMed

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:

• Protein family: Fur family

• Paralogous protein(s): PerR, Zur

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s): contains an iron-sulfur cluster

• Effectors of protein activity:
  • DNA binding activity (repression) is triggered by binding of Fe(II) PubMed

• Interactions:

• Localization: cytoplasm (according to Swiss-Prot)

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU23520

• Structure:

• UniProt: P54574

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: fur PubMed

• Expression browser: fur PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigA PubMed

• Regulation:
  • repressed in the absence of hydrogen peroxide (PerR) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • PerR: transcription repression PubMed

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant: HB6543 (aphA3), available in the John Helmann lab; also available in the Stülke lab GP879 (fur::mls) and GP868 (fur::mls, perR::spc)
  • 1A910 ( fur::kan), PubMed, available at BGSC

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

John Helmann, Cornell University, USA Homepage

References

Reviews

Kazutake Hirooka
Transcriptional response machineries of Bacillus subtilis conducive to plant growth promotion.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem: 2014, 78(9);1471-84
[PubMed:25209494] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Charles M Moore, John D Helmann
Metal ion homeostasis in Bacillus subtilis.
Curr Opin Microbiol: 2005, 8(2);188-95
[PubMed:15802251] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

The Fur regulon

Gregory T Smaldone, Olga Revelles, Ahmed Gaballa, Uwe Sauer, Haike Antelmann, John D Helmann
A global investigation of the Bacillus subtilis iron-sparing response identifies major changes in metabolism.
J Bacteriol: 2012, 194(10);2594-605
[PubMed:22389480] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Ahmed Gaballa, John D Helmann
Bacillus subtilis Fur represses one of two paralogous haem-degrading monooxygenases.
Microbiology (Reading): 2011, 157(Pt 11);3221-3231
[PubMed:21873409] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Noel Baichoo, John D Helmann
Recognition of DNA by Fur: a reinterpretation of the Fur box consensus sequence.
J Bacteriol: 2002, 184(21);5826-32
[PubMed:12374814] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Noel Baichoo, Tao Wang, Rick Ye, John D Helmann
Global analysis of the Bacillus subtilis Fur regulon and the iron starvation stimulon.
Mol Microbiol: 2002, 45(6);1613-29
[PubMed:12354229] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)