MtlR

• Description: transcriptional activator of the mtlA-mtlF-mtlD operon
  
  

Gene name	mtlR
Synonyms	ydaA
Essential	no
Product	transcriptional activator, PRD-type
Function	regulation of mannitol utilization
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: mtlR
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: MtlR
Metabolic function and regulation of this protein in SubtiPathways: mtlR
MW, pI	78 kDa, 5.313
Gene length, protein length	2082 bp, 694 aa
Immediate neighbours	ycsN, ydaB
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

utilization of specific carbon sources, transcription factors and their control, phosphoproteins

This gene is a member of the following regulons

CcpA regulon

The MtlR regulon:

• mtlA-mtlF-mtlD

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU04160

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU04160

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:

• Protein family:

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains: N-terminal DNA-binding domains, two PTS-regulation domains (PRD1 and PRD2), EIIB (Gat)-like domain, EIIA (Mtl)-like domain

• Modification:
  • phosphorylated on His-342 and/or His-399 by PtsH PubMed
  • phosphorylation on His-599 by MtlA PubMed
  • phosphorylation on Cys-419 by MtlF PubMed

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:
  • activity is stimulated by PtsH-dependent phosphorylation in PRD2 (mechnism of carbon catabolite repression) PubMed
  • activity is inhibited by MtlF-dependent phosphorylation in the EIIB(Gat)-like domain on Cys-419 (this prevents activity in the absence of mannitol and allows induction in presence of mannitol) PubMed

• Interactions:
  • PtsH-MtlR PubMed
  • MtlA-MtlR PubMed (the non-phosphorylated IIB domain of MtlA interacts with the two C-terminal EIIB (Gat)-like and EIIA (Mtl)-like domains of MtlR) PubMed
  • MtlF-MtlR PubMed

• Localization:
  • upon interaction with non-phosphorylated MtlA, the active MtlR localizes to the membrane PubMed

Database entries

• BsubCyc: BSU04160

• Structure:

• UniProt: P96574

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: mtlR PubMed

• Expression browser: mtlR PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigA PubMed

• Regulation:
  • repressed by glucose (CcpA) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • CcpA: transcription repression PubMed

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

References

Reviews

Philippe Joyet, Houda Bouraoui, Francine Moussan Désirée Aké, Meriem Derkaoui, Arthur Constant Zébré, Thanh Nguyen Cao, Magali Ventroux, Sylvie Nessler, Marie-Françoise Noirot-Gros, Josef Deutscher, Eliane Milohanic
Transcription regulators controlled by interaction with enzyme IIB components of the phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system.
Biochim Biophys Acta: 2013, 1834(7);1415-24
[PubMed:23318733] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

J Stülke, M Arnaud, G Rapoport, I Martin-Verstraete
PRD--a protein domain involved in PTS-dependent induction and carbon catabolite repression of catabolic operons in bacteria.
Mol Microbiol: 1998, 28(5);865-74
[PubMed:9663674] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Original publications

Houda Bouraoui, Magali Ventroux, Marie-Françoise Noirot-Gros, Josef Deutscher, Philippe Joyet
Membrane sequestration by the EIIB domain of the mannitol permease MtlA activates the Bacillus subtilis mtl operon regulator MtlR.
Mol Microbiol: 2013, 87(4);789-801
[PubMed:23279188] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Bogumiła C Marciniak, Monika Pabijaniak, Anne de Jong, Robert Dűhring, Gerald Seidel, Wolfgang Hillen, Oscar P Kuipers
High- and low-affinity cre boxes for CcpA binding in Bacillus subtilis revealed by genome-wide analysis.
BMC Genomics: 2012, 13;401
[PubMed:22900538] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Kambiz Morabbi Heravi, Marian Wenzel, Josef Altenbuchner
Regulation of mtl operon promoter of Bacillus subtilis: requirements of its use in expression vectors.
Microb Cell Fact: 2011, 10;83
[PubMed:22014119] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Philippe Joyet, Meriem Derkaoui, Sandrine Poncet, Josef Deutscher
Control of Bacillus subtilis mtl operon expression by complex phosphorylation-dependent regulation of the transcriptional activator MtlR.
Mol Microbiol: 2010, 76(5);1279-94
[PubMed:20444094] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Shouji Watanabe, Miyuki Hamano, Hiroshi Kakeshita, Keigo Bunai, Shigeo Tojo, Hirotake Yamaguchi, Yasutaro Fujita, Sui-Lam Wong, Kunio Yamane
Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (MtlD) is required for mannitol and glucitol assimilation in Bacillus subtilis: possible cooperation of mtl and gut operons.
J Bacteriol: 2003, 185(16);4816-24
[PubMed:12897001] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S A Henstra, R H Duurkens, G T Robillard
Multiple phosphorylation events regulate the activity of the mannitol transcriptional regulator MtlR of the Bacillus stearothermophilus phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent mannitol phosphotransferase system.
J Biol Chem: 2000, 275(10);7037-44
[PubMed:10702268] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Jonathan Reizer, Steffi Bachem, Aiala Reizer, Maryvonne Arnaud, Milton H Saier, Jörg Stülke
Novel phosphotransferase system genes revealed by genome analysis - the complete complement of PTS proteins encoded within the genome of Bacillus subtilis.
Microbiology (Reading): 1999, 145 ( Pt 12);3419-3429
[PubMed:10627040] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S A Henstra, M Tuinhof, R H Duurkens, G T Robillard
The Bacillus stearothermophilus mannitol regulator, MtlR, of the phosphotransferase system. A DNA-binding protein, regulated by HPr and iicbmtl-dependent phosphorylation.
J Biol Chem: 1999, 274(8);4754-63
[PubMed:9988713] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)