trxA

trxA
168

thioredoxin, antioxidative action by facilitating the reduction of other proteins by cysteine thiol-disulfide exchange, important for the prevention of protein aggregation during severe heat stress, cleavage of CoA moieties from modified proteins

Locus
BSU_28500
Molecular weight
11.25 kDa
Isoelectric point
4.31
Protein length
104 aaSequenceBlast
Gene length
315 bpSequenceBlast
Function
protection of proteins against oxidative damage
Product
thioredoxin
Essential
yes
Synonyms
trxA, trx
Outlinks
BsubCyc SubtiList UniProt STRING Genoscapist PaperBLAST

Genomic Context

Categories containing this gene/protein

List of homologs in different organisms, belongs to COG3118 (Galperin et al., 2021)

This gene is a member of the following regulons

Gene
Coordinates
2,913,024  2,913,338
Phenotypes of a mutant
essential PubMed
The protein
Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity
cleavage of CoA moieties from modified proteins PubMed
Protein family
Thioredoxin family (according to UniProt)
Domains
Thioredoxin domain (aa 2-104) (according to UniProt)
Structure
2GZZ (PDB) (oxidized form),  2GZY (PDB) (reduced form),  2IPA (PDB) (TrxA-ArsC-complex) PubMed
P14949 (AlphaFold)
Paralogous protein(s)
YdbP, YosR
Localization
cytoplasm PubMed
Expression and Regulation
Operons
Genes
trxA
Description
PubMed
Regulation
induced by heat stress (CtsR) PubMed
Regulatory mechanism
CtsR: repression, PubMed, in ctsR regulon
Spx: activation, PubMed, in spx regulon
Sigma factors
SigA: sigma factor, PubMed, in sigA regulon
SigB: sigma factor, PubMed, in sigB regulon
Additional information
induced by cell wall stress (Spx) PubMed
A ncRNA is predicted between TrxA and Abf2 PubMed
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trxA

2025-04-03 17:42:45

Jstuelk

83

e41d95dd373b0a00c10f2b6ff6330edccc9fdacc

B1B5DA65938D5AAC285A0BB51D8E5DA134D47408

References
Reviews
Lu J, Holmgren A The thioredoxin antioxidant system. Free radical biology & medicine. 2014 Jan; 66:75-87. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.07.036. pii:S0891-5849(13)00380-8. PMID:23899494
Original Publications
Tossounian MA, Baczynska M, Dalton W, Peak-Chew SY, Undzenas K, Korza G, Filonenko V, Skehel M, Setlow P, Gout IBacillus subtilis YtpP and Thioredoxin A Are New Players in the Coenzyme-A-Mediated Defense Mechanism against Cellular Stress.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). 2023 Apr 15; 12(4). PMID: 37107313
O'Reilly FJ, Graziadei A, Forbrig C, Bremenkamp R, Charles K, Lenz S, Elfmann C, Fischer L, Stülke J, Rappsilber JProtein complexes in cells by AI-assisted structural proteomics.Molecular systems biology. 2023 Feb 23; :e11544. PMID: 36815589
Kwon E, Dahal P, Kim DYCrystal structure and biochemical analysis suggest that YjoB ATPase is a putative substrate-specific molecular chaperone.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2022 Oct 11; 119(41):e2207856119. PMID: 36191235
Zheng C, Guo S, Tennant WG, Pradhan PK, Black KA, Dos Santos PC The Thioredoxin System Reduces Protein Persulfide Intermediates Formed during the Synthesis of Thio-Cofactors in Bacillus subtilis. Biochemistry. 2019 Apr 09; 58(14):1892-1904. doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00045. PMID:30855939
Rojas-Tapias DF, Helmann JD Induction of the Spx regulon by cell wall stress reveals novel regulatory mechanisms in Bacillus subtilis. Molecular microbiology. 2017 Dec 22; . doi:10.1111/mmi.13906. PMID:29271514
Runde S, Molière N, Heinz A, Maisonneuve E, Janczikowski A, Elsholz AK, Gerth U, Hecker M, Turgay K The role of thiol oxidative stress response in heat-induced protein aggregate formation during thermotolerance in Bacillus subtilis. Molecular microbiology. 2014 Mar; 91(5):1036-52. doi:10.1111/mmi.12521. PMID:24417481
Parker MJ, Zhu X, Stubbe J Bacillus subtilis class Ib ribonucleotide reductase: high activity and dynamic subunit interactions. Biochemistry. 2014 Feb 04; 53(4):766-76. doi:10.1021/bi401056e. PMID:24401092
Irnov I, Sharma CM, Vogel J, Winkler WC Identification of regulatory RNAs in Bacillus subtilis. Nucleic acids research. 2010 Oct; 38(19):6637-51. doi:10.1093/nar/gkq454. PMID:20525796
Nakano MM, Lin A, Zuber CS, Newberry KJ, Brennan RG, Zuber P Promoter recognition by a complex of Spx and the C-terminal domain of the RNA polymerase alpha subunit. PloS one. 2010 Jan 13; 5(1):e8664. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008664. PMID:20084284
Reyes DY, Zuber P Activation of transcription initiation by Spx: formation of transcription complex and identification of a Cis-acting element required for transcriptional activation. Molecular microbiology. 2008 Aug; 69(3):765-79. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06330.x. PMID:18687074
Mostertz J, Hochgräfe F, Jürgen B, Schweder T, Hecker M The role of thioredoxin TrxA in Bacillus subtilis: a proteomics and transcriptomics approach. Proteomics. 2008 Jul; 8(13):2676-90. doi:10.1002/pmic.200701015. PMID:18601268
Möller MC, Hederstedt L Extracytoplasmic processes impaired by inactivation of trxA (thioredoxin gene) in Bacillus subtilis. Journal of bacteriology. 2008 Jul; 190(13):4660-5. doi:10.1128/JB.00252-08. PMID:18456801
Kouwen TR, van der Goot A, Dorenbos R, Winter T, Antelmann H, Plaisier MC, Quax WJ, van Dijl JM, Dubois JY Thiol-disulphide oxidoreductase modules in the low-GC Gram-positive bacteria. Molecular microbiology. 2007 May; 64(4):984-99. . PMID:17501922
Li Y, Hu Y, Zhang X, Xu H, Lescop E, Xia B, Jin C Conformational fluctuations coupled to the thiol-disulfide transfer between thioredoxin and arsenate reductase in Bacillus subtilis. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2007 Apr 13; 282(15):11078-83. . PMID:17303556
Smits WK, Dubois JY, Bron S, van Dijl JM, Kuipers OP Tricksy business: transcriptome analysis reveals the involvement of thioredoxin A in redox homeostasis, oxidative stress, sulfur metabolism, and cellular differentiation in Bacillus subtilis. Journal of bacteriology. 2005 Jun; 187(12):3921-30. . PMID:15937154
Nakano S, Nakano MM, Zhang Y, Leelakriangsak M, Zuber P A regulatory protein that interferes with activator-stimulated transcription in bacteria. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2003 Apr 01; 100(7):4233-8. . PMID:12642660
Petersohn A, Brigulla M, Haas S, Hoheisel JD, Völker U, Hecker M Global analysis of the general stress response of Bacillus subtilis. Journal of bacteriology. 2001 Oct; 183(19):5617-31. . PMID:11544224
Krüger E, Hecker M The first gene of the Bacillus subtilis clpC operon, ctsR, encodes a negative regulator of its own operon and other class III heat shock genes. Journal of bacteriology. 1998 Dec; 180(24):6681-8. . PMID:9852015
Scharf C, Riethdorf S, Ernst H, Engelmann S, Völker U, Hecker M Thioredoxin is an essential protein induced by multiple stresses in Bacillus subtilis. Journal of bacteriology. 1998 Apr; 180(7):1869-77. . PMID:9537387

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Time of last update: 2025-04-10 10:24:06

Author of last update: Jstuelk