epeX

epeX
168

competition determinant, secreted linear antimicrobial peptide, controls LiaR-LiaS activity

Locus
BSU_40180
Molecular weight
5.65 kDa
Isoelectric point
9.57
Protein length
49 aaSequenceBlast
Gene length
150 bpSequenceBlast
Function
conpetition with other bacteria, control of LiaR-LiaS activity
Product
secreted antimicrobial peptide
Essential
no
Synonyms
yydF
Outlinks
BsubCyc SubtiList UniProt STRING Genoscapist PaperBLAST

Genomic Context

Categories containing this gene/protein

List of homologs in different organisms

This gene is a member of the following regulons

Gene
Coordinates
4,127,498 → 4,127,647
The protein
Structure
Q45596 (AlphaFold)
Modification
modified (epimerization of Val-36 and Ile-44 to the D-forms) by the radical SAM epimerase EpeE PubMed
processing to the mature modified peptide (epipeptide) by the membrane protease EpeP PubMed
Localization
extracellular (processing requires EpeP, transport by EpeA-EpeB) PubMed
Expression and Regulation
Operons
Genes
epeX-epeE-epeP-epeA-epeB
Description
PubMed
Regulation
repressed during logarithmic growth (AbrB) PubMed
Expression
expression is heterogeneous PubMed
Regulatory mechanism
AbrB: repression, PubMed, in abrB regulon
Rok: repression, PubMed, in rok regulon
Sigma factors
SigA: sigma factor, PubMed, in sigA regulon
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epeX→epeB

2025-04-03 14:38:08

Jstuelk

102

078981D5A4F256B0FA27157DFABCDDE534EC3306

BE1247045A413B93C3150C913C43B4E1B8098926

Additional information
the mRNA is very stable (> 15 min) PubMed
the epeX portion of the mRNA belongs to the most stable mRNAs in B. subtilis PubMed
Biological materials
Mutant
BKE40180 (ΔepeX::erm  trpC2) available at BGSC,  PubMed, upstream reverse: _UP1_CATATTATCCCTCCTCCTTT,  downstream forward: _UP4_TAATTAGAGGGGTACAAAGG
BKK40180 (ΔepeX::kan  trpC2) available at BGSC,  PubMed, upstream reverse: _UP1_CATATTATCCCTCCTCCTTT,  downstream forward: _UP4_TAATTAGAGGGGTACAAAGG
References
Reviews
Gebhard S ABC transporters of antimicrobial peptides in Firmicutes bacteria - phylogeny, function and regulation. Molecular microbiology. 2012 Dec; 86(6):1295-317. doi:10.1111/mmi.12078. PMID:23106164
Original Publications
Kalamara M, Abbott J, Sukhodub T, MacPhee C, Stanley-Wall NRThe putative role of the epipeptide EpeX in Bacillus subtilis intra-species competition.Microbiology (Reading, England). 2023 Jun; 169(6). PMID: 37289492
O'Reilly FJ, Graziadei A, Forbrig C, Bremenkamp R, Charles K, Lenz S, Elfmann C, Fischer L, Stülke J, Rappsilber JProtein complexes in cells by AI-assisted structural proteomics.Molecular systems biology. 2023 Feb 23; :e11544. PMID: 36815589
Popp PF, Friebel L, Benjdia A, Guillot A, Berteau O, Mascher TThe Epipeptide Biosynthesis Locus epeXEPAB Is Widely Distributed in Firmicutes and Triggers Intrinsic Cell Envelope Stress.Microbial physiology. 2021 Jun 11; :1-12. PMID: 34120110
Popp PF, Benjdia A, Strahl H, Berteau O, Mascher T The Epipeptide YydF Intrinsically Triggers the Cell Envelope Stress Response of and Causes Severe Membrane Perturbations. Frontiers in microbiology. 2020; 11:151. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00151. PMID:32117169
Benjdia A, Guillot A, Ruffié P, Leprince J, Berteau O Post-translational modification of ribosomally synthesized peptides by a radical SAM epimerase in Bacillus subtilis. Nature chemistry. 2017 Jul; 9(7):698-707. doi:10.1038/nchem.2714. PMID:28644475
Salzberg LI, Powell L, Hokamp K, Botella E, Noone D, Devine KM The WalRK (YycFG) and σ(I) RsgI regulators cooperate to control CwlO and LytE expression in exponentially growing and stressed Bacillus subtilis cells. Molecular microbiology. 2013 Jan; 87(1):180-95. doi:10.1111/mmi.12092. PMID:23199363
Lehnik-Habrink M, Schaffer M, Mäder U, Diethmaier C, Herzberg C, Stülke J RNA processing in Bacillus subtilis: identification of targets of the essential RNase Y. Molecular microbiology. 2011 Sep; 81(6):1459-73. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07777.x. PMID:21815947
Butcher BG, Lin YP, Helmann JD The yydFGHIJ operon of Bacillus subtilis encodes a peptide that induces the LiaRS two-component system. Journal of bacteriology. 2007 Dec; 189(23):8616-25. . PMID:17921301
Butcher BG, Lin YP, Helmann JD The yydFGHIJ operon of Bacillus subtilis encodes a peptide that induces the LiaRS two-component system. Journal of bacteriology. 2007 Dec; 189(23):8616-25. . PMID:17921301
Hambraeus G, von Wachenfeldt C, Hederstedt L Genome-wide survey of mRNA half-lives in Bacillus subtilis identifies extremely stable mRNAs. Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG. 2003 Aug; 269(5):706-14. . PMID:12884008

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Time of last update: 2025-04-04 05:18:43

Author of last update: Jstuelk