CotE

• Description: outer spore coat morphogenetic protein, controls the assembly of the outer spore coat layer
  
  

Gene name	cotE
Synonyms
Essential	no
Product	spore coat morphogenetic protein
Function	assembly of the outer spore coat
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: cotE
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: CotE
MW, pI	20 kDa, 4.139
Gene length, protein length	543 bp, 181 aa
Immediate neighbours	ymcA, mutS
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

sporulation proteins

This gene is a member of the following regulons

SigE regulon, SigK regulon, GerE regulon

CotE-dependent proteins of the outer spore coat

• CotA, CotB, CotG, CotM, CotO, CotQ, CotS, CotU, CotW, CotZ, Tgl, YknT, YlbD, YncD, YtxO PubMed

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU17030

Phenotypes of a mutant

• mis-assembly of the outer spore coat PubMed

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:
  • assembly of the CotC-CotU complex PubMed

• Protein family: cotE family (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactors:

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:
  • homotypic interaction PubMed
  • CotE-CotC PubMed
  • CotE-CotU PubMed
  • SpoVID-CotE PubMed

• Localization:
  • encircles the forespore with a biased accumulation on the mother cell-proximal face of the forespore PubMed
  • outer spore coat, localization depends on SpoIVA PubMed

Database entries

• Structure:

• UniProt: P14016

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon: cotE PubMed

• Expression browser: cotE PubMed

• Sigma factor: SigE PubMed, SigK PubMed

• Regulation:
  • repressed by casamino acids PubMed
  • expressed during sporulation in the mother cell (SigE, SigK, GerE) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • GerE: transcription repression PubMed

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:
  • 1S105 ( cotE::cat), PubMed, available at BGSC

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

Arthur Aronson, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA homepage

Adriano Henriques, Lisbon, Portugal homepage

References

Reviews

Peter T McKenney, Adam Driks, Patrick Eichenberger
The Bacillus subtilis endospore: assembly and functions of the multilayered coat.
Nat Rev Microbiol: 2013, 11(1);33-44
[PubMed:23202530] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Peter Setlow
Dynamics of the assembly of a complex macromolecular structure--the coat of spores of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2012, 83(2);241-4
[PubMed:22192522] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Original publications

Rachele Isticato, Teja Sirec, Rosa Giglio, Loredana Baccigalupi, Giulia Rusciano, Giuseppe Pesce, Gianluigi Zito, Antonio Sasso, Maurilio De Felice, Ezio Ricca
Flexibility of the programme of spore coat formation in Bacillus subtilis: bypass of CotE requirement by over-production of CotH.
PLoS One: 2013, 8(9);e74949
[PubMed:24086406] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Jean-Philippe Castaing, Attila Nagy, Vivek Anantharaman, L Aravind, Kumaran S Ramamurthi
ATP hydrolysis by a domain related to translation factor GTPases drives polymerization of a static bacterial morphogenetic protein.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2013, 110(2);E151-60
[PubMed:23267091] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Haiyan Qiao, Daniela Krajcikova, Chunyan Xing, Baoping Lu, Jinhui Hao, Xi Ke, Hongda Wang, Imrich Barak, Jilin Tang
Study of the interactions between the key spore coat morphogenetic proteins CotE and SpoVID.
J Struct Biol: 2013, 181(2);128-35
[PubMed:23178679] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Ralf Moeller, Andrew C Schuerger, Günther Reitz, Wayne L Nicholson
Protective role of spore structural components in determining Bacillus subtilis spore resistance to simulated mars surface conditions.
Appl Environ Microbiol: 2012, 78(24);8849-53
[PubMed:23064347] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Melissa de Francesco, Jake Z Jacobs, Filipa Nunes, Mónica Serrano, Peter T McKenney, Ming-Hsiu Chua, Adriano O Henriques, Patrick Eichenberger
Physical interaction between coat morphogenetic proteins SpoVID and CotE is necessary for spore encasement in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2012, 194(18);4941-50
[PubMed:22773792] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Sarah E Ebmeier, Irene S Tan, Katie Rose Clapham, Kumaran S Ramamurthi
Small proteins link coat and cortex assembly during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2012, 84(4);682-96
[PubMed:22463703] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Peter T McKenney, Patrick Eichenberger
Dynamics of spore coat morphogenesis in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2012, 83(2);245-60
[PubMed:22171814] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Jose-Luis Sanchez-Salas, Barbara Setlow, Pengfei Zhang, Yong-Qing Li, Peter Setlow
Maturation of released spores is necessary for acquisition of full spore heat resistance during Bacillus subtilis sporulation.
Appl Environ Microbiol: 2011, 77(19);6746-54
[PubMed:21821751] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Rachele Isticato, Assunta Pelosi, Maurilio De Felice, Ezio Ricca
CotE binds to CotC and CotU and mediates their interaction during spore coat formation in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2010, 192(4);949-54
[PubMed:20023017] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Daniela Krajcíková, Magda Lukácová, Denisa Müllerová, Simon M Cutting, Imrich Barák
Searching for protein-protein interactions within the Bacillus subtilis spore coat.
J Bacteriol: 2009, 191(10);3212-9
[PubMed:19304857] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Rachele Isticato, Assunta Pelosi, Rita Zilhão, Loredana Baccigalupi, Adriano O Henriques, Maurilio De Felice, Ezio Ricca
CotC-CotU heterodimerization during assembly of the Bacillus subtilis spore coat.
J Bacteriol: 2008, 190(4);1267-75
[PubMed:18065538] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Caitlin C Ferguson, Amy H Camp, Richard Losick
gerT, a newly discovered germination gene under the control of the sporulation transcription factor sigmaK in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2007, 189(21);7681-9
[PubMed:17720779] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Teresa Costa, Mónica Serrano, Leif Steil, Uwe Völker, Charles P Moran, Adriano O Henriques
The timing of cotE expression affects Bacillus subtilis spore coat morphology but not lysozyme resistance.
J Bacteriol: 2007, 189(6);2401-10
[PubMed:17172339] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Leif Steil, Mónica Serrano, Adriano O Henriques, Uwe Völker
Genome-wide analysis of temporally regulated and compartment-specific gene expression in sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis.
Microbiology (Reading): 2005, 151(Pt 2);399-420
[PubMed:15699190] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Patrick Eichenberger, Masaya Fujita, Shane T Jensen, Erin M Conlon, David Z Rudner, Stephanie T Wang, Caitlin Ferguson, Koki Haga, Tsutomu Sato, Jun S Liu, Richard Losick
The program of gene transcription for a single differentiating cell type during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
PLoS Biol: 2004, 2(10);e328
[PubMed:15383836] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Katerina Ragkousi, Patrick Eichenberger, Christiaan van Ooij, Peter Setlow
Identification of a new gene essential for germination of Bacillus subtilis spores with Ca2+-dipicolinate.
J Bacteriol: 2003, 185(7);2315-29
[PubMed:12644503] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Ulrike Mäder, Georg Homuth, Christian Scharf, Knut Büttner, Rüdiger Bode, Michael Hecker
Transcriptome and proteome analysis of Bacillus subtilis gene expression modulated by amino acid availability.
J Bacteriol: 2002, 184(15);4288-95
[PubMed:12107147] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S Little, A Driks
Functional analysis of the Bacillus subtilis morphogenetic spore coat protein CotE.
Mol Microbiol: 2001, 42(4);1107-20
[PubMed:11737650] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

T Bauer, S Little, A G Stöver, A Driks
Functional regions of the Bacillus subtilis spore coat morphogenetic protein CotE.
J Bacteriol: 1999, 181(22);7043-51
[PubMed:10559171] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

F Ginetti, M Perego, A M Albertini, A Galizzi
Bacillus subtilis mutS mutL operon: identification, nucleotide sequence and mutagenesis.
Microbiology (Reading): 1996, 142 ( Pt 8);2021-9
[PubMed:8760914] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

K Pogliano, E Harry, R Losick
Visualization of the subcellular location of sporulation proteins in Bacillus subtilis using immunofluorescence microscopy.
Mol Microbiol: 1995, 18(3);459-70
[PubMed:8748030] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

C D Webb, A Decatur, A Teleman, R Losick
Use of green fluorescent protein for visualization of cell-specific gene expression and subcellular protein localization during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1995, 177(20);5906-11
[PubMed:7592342] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

A Driks, S Roels, B Beall, C P Moran, R Losick
Subcellular localization of proteins involved in the assembly of the spore coat of Bacillus subtilis.
Genes Dev: 1994, 8(2);234-44
[PubMed:8299942] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

L B Zheng, R Losick
Cascade regulation of spore coat gene expression in Bacillus subtilis.
J Mol Biol: 1990, 212(4);645-60
[PubMed:1691789] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

L B Zheng, W P Donovan, P C Fitz-James, R Losick
Gene encoding a morphogenic protein required in the assembly of the outer coat of the Bacillus subtilis endospore.
Genes Dev: 1988, 2(8);1047-54
[PubMed:3139490] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)