CheD

• Description: chemoreceptor deaminase, required for methylation of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins by CheR, enhances phosphatase activity of CheC, required for full McpC activity
  
  

Gene name	cheD
Synonyms	ylxK
Essential	no
Product	protein deaminase, CheC activity modulator
Function	motility and chemotaxis
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: cheD
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: CheD
MW, pI	17 kDa, 9.347
Gene length, protein length	498 bp, 166 aa
Immediate neighbours	cheC, sigD
Sequences	Protein DNA DNA_with_flanks
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

protein modification, motility and chemotaxis

This gene is a member of the following regulons

CodY regulon, SigD regulon, Spo0A regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU16460

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:
  • binds chemoreceptors and increases their ability to activate the kinase activity of CheA PubMed
  • Protein L-glutamine + H₂O = protein L-glutamate + NH₃ (according to Swiss-Prot)
  • deaminates Gln-586, Gln-593, and Gln594 in McpA PubMed
  • deaminates Gln-609 in McpC PubMed

• Protein family: cheD family (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:
  • CheC-CheD PubMed, this interaction is enhanced by CheY-P PubMed
  • CheD-McpA, deamination of Gln-586, Gln-593 and Gln-594 in McpA PubMed
  • CheD-McpC, deamination of Gln-609 in McpC PubMed

• Localization:

Database entries

• Structure:

• UniProt: P40404

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number: 3.5.1.44

Expression and regulation

• Operon:
  • flgB-flgC-fliE-fliF-fliG-fliH-fliI-fliJ-ylxF-fliK-flgD-flgE-fliL-fliM-fliY-cheY-fliZ-fliP-fliQ-fliR-flhB-flhA-flhF-flhG-cheB-cheA-cheW-cheC-cheD-sigD-swrB PubMed
  • ylxF-fliK-flgD-flgE-fliL-fliM-fliY-cheY-fliZ-fliP-fliQ-fliR-flhB-flhA-flhF-flhG-cheB-cheA-cheW-cheC-cheD-sigD-swrB PubMed

• Expression browser: cheD PubMed

• Sigma factor:
  • flgB: SigA PubMed, SigD PubMed
  • ylxF: SigD PubMed

• Regulation:
  • repressed under conditions that trigger sporulation (Spo0A) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • Spo0A: transcription repression PubMed
  • CodY: transcription repression PubMed
  • DegU (non-phosphorylated): transcription activation PubMed

• Additional information:
  • in minimal medium, CheD is present with 1,200 +/- 250 molecules per cell PubMed

Biological materials

• Mutant:
  • 1A861 ( cheD::cat), PubMed, available at BGSC
  • 1A863 ( cheD::cat), PubMed, available at BGSC

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

References

Original publications

Vincent J Cannistraro, George D Glekas, Christopher V Rao, George W Ordal
Cellular stoichiometry of the chemotaxis proteins in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 2011, 193(13);3220-7
[PubMed:21515776] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Kazuo Kobayashi
Gradual activation of the response regulator DegU controls serial expression of genes for flagellum formation and biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2007, 66(2);395-409
[PubMed:17850253] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

___

Wei Yuan, George D Glekas, George M Allen, Hanna E Walukiewicz, Christopher V Rao, George W Ordal
The importance of the interaction of CheD with CheC and the chemoreceptors compared to its enzymatic activity during chemotaxis in Bacillus subtilis.
PLoS One: 2012, 7(12);e50689
[PubMed:23226535] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

George D Glekas, Matthew J Plutz, Hanna E Walukiewicz, George M Allen, Christopher V Rao, George W Ordal
Elucidation of the multiple roles of CheD in Bacillus subtilis chemotaxis.
Mol Microbiol: 2012, 86(3);743-56
[PubMed:22931217] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

____

Travis J Muff, George W Ordal
The CheC phosphatase regulates chemotactic adaptation through CheD.
J Biol Chem: 2007, 282(47);34120-8
[PubMed:17908686] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Xingjuan Chao, Travis J Muff, Sang-Youn Park, Sheng Zhang, Abiola M Pollard, George W Ordal, Alexandrine M Bilwes, Brian R Crane
A receptor-modifying deamidase in complex with a signaling phosphatase reveals reciprocal regulation.
Cell: 2006, 124(3);561-71
[PubMed:16469702] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Christopher J Kristich, George W Ordal
Analysis of chimeric chemoreceptors in Bacillus subtilis reveals a role for CheD in the function of the McpC HAMP domain.
J Bacteriol: 2004, 186(17);5950-5
[PubMed:15317802] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

H Werhane, P Lopez, M Mendel, M Zimmer, G W Ordal, L M Márquez-Magaña
The last gene of the fla/che operon in Bacillus subtilis, ylxL, is required for maximal sigmaD function.
J Bacteriol: 2004, 186(12);4025-9
[PubMed:15175317] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Virginie Molle, Masaya Fujita, Shane T Jensen, Patrick Eichenberger, José E González-Pastor, Jun S Liu, Richard Losick
The Spo0A regulon of Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2003, 50(5);1683-701
[PubMed:14651647] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Christopher J Kristich, George W Ordal
Bacillus subtilis CheD is a chemoreceptor modification enzyme required for chemotaxis.
J Biol Chem: 2002, 277(28);25356-62
[PubMed:12011078] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

J R Kirby, C J Kristich, M M Saulmon, M A Zimmer, L F Garrity, I B Zhulin, G W Ordal
CheC is related to the family of flagellar switch proteins and acts independently from CheD to control chemotaxis in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2001, 42(3);573-85
[PubMed:11722727] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

W Estacio, S S Anna-Arriola, M Adedipe, L M Márquez-Magaña
Dual promoters are responsible for transcription initiation of the fla/che operon in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1998, 180(14);3548-55
[PubMed:9657996] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

J R Kirby, C J Kristich, S L Feinberg, G W Ordal
Methanol production during chemotaxis to amino acids in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 1997, 24(4);869-78
[PubMed:9194713] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M M Rosario, G W Ordal
CheC and CheD interact to regulate methylation of Bacillus subtilis methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins.
Mol Microbiol: 1996, 21(3);511-8
[PubMed:8866475] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M M Rosario, J R Kirby, D A Bochar, G W Ordal
Chemotactic methylation and behavior in Bacillus subtilis: role of two unique proteins, CheC and CheD.
Biochemistry: 1995, 34(11);3823-31
[PubMed:7893679] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

L M Márquez-Magaña, M J Chamberlin
Characterization of the sigD transcription unit of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1994, 176(8);2427-34
[PubMed:8157612] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)