Sfp/1

• Description: 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase (surfactin synthetase-activating enzyme), inactive pseudogene in strain 168
  
  

Gene name	sfp/1
Synonyms	sfp
Essential	no
Product	4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase
Function	phosphopantetheinylates a serine residue in each of the seven peptidyl carrier protein domains of the first three subunits of surfactin synthetase (SrfAA-SrfAB-SrfAC) and AcpK
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: sfp/1
MW, pI	- , -
Gene length, protein length	168 bp, -
Immediate neighbours	ycxD, sfp/2
Gene sequence (+200bp)	Protein sequence
Caution: The sequence for this gene in SubtiList contains errors
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed 500px

Categories containing this gene/protein

miscellaneous metabolic pathways, biofilm formation, biosynthesis of antibacterial compounds, pseudogenes

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU03569

Phenotypes of a mutant

No swarming motility on B medium. PubMed

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: no entry

• SubtiList entry: [1]

Additional information

• This gene is a pseudogene in B. subtilis 168 due to a mutation that resulted in an internal frameshift. The second part of the pseudogene is sfp/2.
• Correction of sfp, epsC, swrAA, and degQ as well as introduction of rapP from a plasmid present in NCIB3610 results in biofilm formation in B. subtilis 168 PubMed

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity: CoA + apo-[peptidyl-carrier protein] = adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + holo-[peptidyl-carrier protein] (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Protein family: Gsp/sfp/hetI/acpT family (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:

• Localization:

Database entries

• Structure: 1QR0 (complex with CoA)

• Swiss prot entry:

• KEGG entry: [2]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon:

• Expression browser: sfp/1 PubMed

• Sigma factor:

• Regulation:

• Regulatory mechanism:

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

Labs working on this gene/protein

Mohamed Marahiel, Marburg University, Germany homepage

References

Reviews

Massimiliano Marvasi, Pieter T Visscher, Lilliam Casillas Martinez
Exopolymeric substances (EPS) from Bacillus subtilis: polymers and genes encoding their synthesis.
FEMS Microbiol Lett: 2010, 313(1);1-9
[PubMed:20735481] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Original publications

Emilia Ghelardi, Sara Salvetti, Mara Ceragioli, Sokhna A Gueye, Francesco Celandroni, Sonia Senesi
Contribution of surfactin and SwrA to flagellin expression, swimming, and surface motility in Bacillus subtilis.
Appl Environ Microbiol: 2012, 78(18);6540-4
[PubMed:22773650] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Jeremy G Owen, Janine N Copp, David F Ackerley
Rapid and flexible biochemical assays for evaluating 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase activity.
Biochem J: 2011, 436(3);709-17
[PubMed:21466506] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Anna L McLoon, Sarah B Guttenplan, Daniel B Kearns, Roberto Kolter, Richard Losick
Tracing the domestication of a biofilm-forming bacterium.
J Bacteriol: 2011, 193(8);2027-34
[PubMed:21278284] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

F Coutte, V Leclère, M Béchet, J-S Guez, D Lecouturier, M Chollet-Imbert, P Dhulster, P Jacques
Effect of pps disruption and constitutive expression of srfA on surfactin productivity, spreading and antagonistic properties of Bacillus subtilis 168 derivatives.
J Appl Microbiol: 2010, 109(2);480-491
[PubMed:20148996] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Adam Yasgar, Timothy L Foley, Ajit Jadhav, James Inglese, Michael D Burkart, Anton Simeonov
A strategy to discover inhibitors of Bacillus subtilis surfactin-type phosphopantetheinyl transferase.
Mol Biosyst: 2010, 6(2);365-75
[PubMed:20094656] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Joyce E Patrick, Daniel B Kearns
Laboratory strains of Bacillus subtilis do not exhibit swarming motility.
J Bacteriol: 2009, 191(22);7129-33
[PubMed:19749039] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Kassem Hamze, Daria Julkowska, Sabine Autret, Krzysztof Hinc, Krzysztofa Nagorska, Agnieszka Sekowska, I Barry Holland, Simone J Séror
Identification of genes required for different stages of dendritic swarming in Bacillus subtilis, with a novel role for phrC.
Microbiology (Reading): 2009, 155(Pt 2);398-412
[PubMed:19202088] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Juergen J May, Robert Finking, Frank Wiegeshoff, Thomas T Weber, Nina Bandur, Ulrich Koert, Mohamed A Marahiel
Inhibition of the D-alanine:D-alanyl carrier protein ligase from Bacillus subtilis increases the bacterium's susceptibility to antibiotics that target the cell wall.
FEBS J: 2005, 272(12);2993-3003
[PubMed:15955059] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Daniel B Kearns, Frances Chu, Rivka Rudner, Richard Losick
Genes governing swarming in Bacillus subtilis and evidence for a phase variation mechanism controlling surface motility.
Mol Microbiol: 2004, 52(2);357-69
[PubMed:15066026] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Mohammad Reza Mofid, Robert Finking, Lars Oliver Essen, Mohamed A Marahiel
Structure-based mutational analysis of the 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferases Sfp from Bacillus subtilis: carrier protein recognition and reaction mechanism.
Biochemistry: 2004, 43(14);4128-36
[PubMed:15065855] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Mohammad Reza Mofid, Robert Finking, Mohamed A Marahiel
Recognition of hybrid peptidyl carrier proteins/acyl carrier proteins in nonribosomal peptide synthetase modules by the 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferases AcpS and Sfp.
J Biol Chem: 2002, 277(19);17023-31
[PubMed:11867633] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

H D Mootz, R Finking, M A Marahiel
4'-phosphopantetheine transfer in primary and secondary metabolism of Bacillus subtilis.
J Biol Chem: 2001, 276(40);37289-98
[PubMed:11489886] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

K Reuter, M R Mofid, M A Marahiel, R Ficner
Crystal structure of the surfactin synthetase-activating enzyme sfp: a prototype of the 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase superfamily.
EMBO J: 1999, 18(23);6823-31
[PubMed:10581256] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

L E Quadri, P H Weinreb, M Lei, M M Nakano, P Zuber, C T Walsh
Characterization of Sfp, a Bacillus subtilis phosphopantetheinyl transferase for peptidyl carrier protein domains in peptide synthetases.
Biochemistry: 1998, 37(6);1585-95
[PubMed:9484229] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

M M Nakano, M A Marahiel, P Zuber
Identification of a genetic locus required for biosynthesis of the lipopeptide antibiotic surfactin in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1988, 170(12);5662-8
[PubMed:2848009] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)