MreB

• Description: cell shape-determining protein, forms filaments, the polymers control/restrict the mobility of the cell wall elongation enzyme complex
  
  

Gene name	mreB
Synonyms	divIVB
Essential	yes PubMed
Product	cell shape-determining protein
Function	cell shape determination
Gene expression levels in SubtiExpress: mreB
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: MreB
MW, pI	35 kDa, 4.901
Gene length, protein length	1011 bp, 337 aa
Immediate neighbours	mreC, radC
Get the DNA and protein sequences (Barbe et al., 2009)
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList
Expression at a glance   PubMed

Categories containing this gene/protein

cell shape, cell envelope stress proteins (controlled by SigM, V, W, X, Y), essential genes, membrane proteins

This gene is a member of the following regulons

SigM regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU28030

Phenotypes of a mutant

• essential PubMed
• the mutation can be suppressed by inactivation of ponA, ptsI, ccpA PubMed, by overexpression of YvcK PubMed, or by addition of 5 mM magnesium to the growth medium PubMed

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:
  • forms straight filaments in a heterologous system PubMed
  • polymerizes in the presence of millimolar divalent cations, binds and hydrolyzes GTP and ATP PubMed
  • involved in the organization of ϕ29 DNA replication machinery in peripheral helix-like structures PubMed

• Protein family: ftsA/mreB family (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Paralogous protein(s): Mbl, MreBH

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:

• Interactions:
  • part of the cell wall biosynthetic complex PubMed
  • MreB-TufA PubMed
  • MreB-Mbl PubMed
  • MreB-MreBH PubMed
  • MreB-TagT PubMed
  • MreB-TagU PubMed

• Localization:
  • during logarithmic growth, MreB forms discrete patches thst move processively along peripheral tracks perpendicular to the cell axis PubMed
  • forms transverse bands as cells enter the stationary phase PubMed
  • close to the inner surface of the cytoplasmic membrane PubMed
  • reports on helical structures formed by MreB PubMed seem to be misinterpretation of data PubMed
  • normal localization depends on the presence of glucolipids, MreB forms irregular clusters in an ugtP mutant PubMed

Database entries

• Structure: 1JCE (from Thermotoga maritima) PubMed

• UniProt: Q01465

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon:
  • radC-mreB-mreC-mreD-minC-minD PubMed
  • mreB-mreC-mreD-minC-minD PubMed

• Expression browser: mreB PubMed

• Sigma factor:
  • radC: SigM PubMed

• Regulation:
  • expression is reduced in a SigV mutant PubMed
  • expression is increased in an ugtP mutant PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system: B. pertussis adenylate cyclase-based bacterial two hybrid system (BACTH), available in the labs of Jeff Errington and Boris Görke

• Antibody: available in the Jeff Errington and Peter Graumann labs

Labs working on this gene/protein

Jeff Errington, Newcastle University, UK homepage

Peter Graumann, Freiburg University, Germany homepage

References

Reviews

Additional reviews: PubMed

Arnaud Chastanet, Rut Carballido-Lopez
The actin-like MreB proteins in Bacillus subtilis: a new turn.
Front Biosci (Schol Ed): 2012, 4(4);1582-606
[PubMed:22652894] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Sven van Teeffelen, Zemer Gitai
Rotate into shape: MreB and bacterial morphogenesis.
EMBO J: 2011, 30(24);4856-7
[PubMed:22166997] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Courtney L White, James W Gober
MreB: pilot or passenger of cell wall synthesis?
Trends Microbiol: 2012, 20(2);74-9
[PubMed:22154164] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Andrew Jermy
Bacterial physiology: MreB takes a back seat.
Nat Rev Microbiol: 2011, 9(8);560-1
[PubMed:21725336] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Matthew T Cabeen, Christine Jacobs-Wagner
The bacterial cytoskeleton.
Annu Rev Genet: 2010, 44;365-92
[PubMed:21047262] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Kevin D Young
Bacterial shape: two-dimensional questions and possibilities.
Annu Rev Microbiol: 2010, 64;223-40
[PubMed:20825347] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Peter L Graumann
Cytoskeletal elements in bacteria.
Annu Rev Microbiol: 2007, 61;589-618
[PubMed:17506674] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Rut Carballido-López
The bacterial actin-like cytoskeleton.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev: 2006, 70(4);888-909
[PubMed:17158703] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Linda A Amos, Fusinita van den Ent, Jan Löwe
Structural/functional homology between the bacterial and eukaryotic cytoskeletons.
Curr Opin Cell Biol: 2004, 16(1);24-31
[PubMed:15037301] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Localization

Felix Dempwolff, Christian Reimold, Michael Reth, Peter L Graumann
Bacillus subtilis MreB orthologs self-organize into filamentous structures underneath the cell membrane in a heterologous cell system.
PLoS One: 2011, 6(11);e27035
[PubMed:22069484] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Ethan C Garner, Remi Bernard, Wenqin Wang, Xiaowei Zhuang, David Z Rudner, Tim Mitchison
Coupled, circumferential motions of the cell wall synthesis machinery and MreB filaments in B. subtilis.
Science: 2011, 333(6039);222-5
[PubMed:21636745] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Julia Domínguez-Escobar, Arnaud Chastanet, Alvaro H Crevenna, Vincent Fromion, Roland Wedlich-Söldner, Rut Carballido-López
Processive movement of MreB-associated cell wall biosynthetic complexes in bacteria.
Science: 2011, 333(6039);225-8
[PubMed:21636744] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Henrik Strahl, Leendert W Hamoen
Membrane potential is important for bacterial cell division.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2010, 107(27);12281-6
[PubMed:20566861] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Hervé Joël Defeu Soufo, Peter L Graumann
Dynamic localization and interaction with other Bacillus subtilis actin-like proteins are important for the function of MreB.
Mol Microbiol: 2006, 62(5);1340-56
[PubMed:17064365] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Other original publications

Additional publications: PubMed

Satoshi Matsuoka, Minako Chiba, Yu Tanimura, Michihiro Hashimoto, Hiroshi Hara, Kouji Matsumoto
Abnormal morphology of Bacillus subtilis ugtP mutant cells lacking glucolipids.
Genes Genet Syst: 2011, 86(5);295-304
[PubMed:22362028] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Siyuan Wang, Leon Furchtgott, Kerwyn Casey Huang, Joshua W Shaevitz
Helical insertion of peptidoglycan produces chiral ordering of the bacterial cell wall.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2012, 109(10);E595-604
[PubMed:22343529] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Yoshikazu Kawai, Jon Marles-Wright, Robert M Cleverley, Robyn Emmins, Shu Ishikawa, Masayoshi Kuwano, Nadja Heinz, Nhat Khai Bui, Christopher N Hoyland, Naotake Ogasawara, Richard J Lewis, Waldemar Vollmer, Richard A Daniel, Jeff Errington
A widespread family of bacterial cell wall assembly proteins.
EMBO J: 2011, 30(24);4931-41
[PubMed:21964069] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Elodie Foulquier, Frédérique Pompeo, Alain Bernadac, Leon Espinosa, Anne Galinier
The YvcK protein is required for morphogenesis via localization of PBP1 under gluconeogenic growth conditions in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2011, 80(2);309-18
[PubMed:21320184] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Hervé Joël Defeu Soufo, Peter L Graumann
Bacillus subtilis MreB paralogues have different filament architectures and lead to shape remodelling of a heterologous cell system.
Mol Microbiol: 2010, 78(5);1145-58
[PubMed:21091501] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Hervé Joël Defeu Soufo, Christian Reimold, Uwe Linne, Tobias Knust, Johannes Gescher, Peter L Graumann
Bacterial translation elongation factor EF-Tu interacts and colocalizes with actin-like MreB protein.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2010, 107(7);3163-8
[PubMed:20133608] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Yoshikazu Kawai, Kei Asai, Jeffery Errington
Partial functional redundancy of MreB isoforms, MreB, Mbl and MreBH, in cell morphogenesis of Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2009, 73(4);719-31
[PubMed:19659933] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Daniel Muñoz-Espín, Richard Daniel, Yoshikazu Kawai, Rut Carballido-López, Virginia Castilla-Llorente, Jeff Errington, Wilfried J J Meijer, Margarita Salas
The actin-like MreB cytoskeleton organizes viral DNA replication in bacteria.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2009, 106(32);13347-52
[PubMed:19654094] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Kathrin Schirner, Jeff Errington
Influence of heterologous MreB proteins on cell morphology of Bacillus subtilis.
Microbiology (Reading): 2009, 155(Pt 11);3611-3621
[PubMed:19643765] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Yoshikazu Kawai, Richard A Daniel, Jeffery Errington
Regulation of cell wall morphogenesis in Bacillus subtilis by recruitment of PBP1 to the MreB helix.
Mol Microbiol: 2009, 71(5);1131-44
[PubMed:19192185] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Joshua A Mayer, Kurt J Amann
Assembly properties of the Bacillus subtilis actin, MreB.
Cell Motil Cytoskeleton: 2009, 66(2);109-18
[PubMed:19117023] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I p)

Warawan Eiamphungporn, John D Helmann
The Bacillus subtilis sigma(M) regulon and its contribution to cell envelope stress responses.
Mol Microbiol: 2008, 67(4);830-48
[PubMed:18179421] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Rut Carballido-López, Alex Formstone, Ying Li, S Dusko Ehrlich, Philippe Noirot, Jeff Errington
Actin homolog MreBH governs cell morphogenesis by localization of the cell wall hydrolase LytE.
Dev Cell: 2006, 11(3);399-409
[PubMed:16950129] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Alex Formstone, Jeffery Errington
A magnesium-dependent mreB null mutant: implications for the role of mreB in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2005, 55(6);1646-57
[PubMed:15752190] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Richard A Daniel, Jeff Errington
Control of cell morphogenesis in bacteria: two distinct ways to make a rod-shaped cell.
Cell: 2003, 113(6);767-76
[PubMed:12809607] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

F van den Ent, L A Amos, J Löwe
Prokaryotic origin of the actin cytoskeleton.
Nature: 2001, 413(6851);39-44
[PubMed:11544518] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

L J Jones, R Carballido-López, J Errington
Control of cell shape in bacteria: helical, actin-like filaments in Bacillus subtilis.
Cell: 2001, 104(6);913-22
[PubMed:11290328] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Y Abhayawardhane, G C Stewart
Bacillus subtilis possesses a second determinant with extensive sequence similarity to the Escherichia coli mreB morphogene.
J Bacteriol: 1995, 177(3);765-73
[PubMed:7836311] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

S Lee, C W Price
The minCD locus of Bacillus subtilis lacks the minE determinant that provides topological specificity to cell division.
Mol Microbiol: 1993, 7(4);601-10
[PubMed:8459776] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

P A Levin, P S Margolis, P Setlow, R Losick, D Sun
Identification of Bacillus subtilis genes for septum placement and shape determination.
J Bacteriol: 1992, 174(21);6717-28
[PubMed:1400224] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)