FlhF

• Description: signal recognition particle-like GTPase, placement and assembly of flagella
  
  

Gene name	flhF
Synonyms
Essential	no
Product	signal recognition particle-like GTPase
Function	placement and assembly of polar flagella
Interactions involving this protein in SubtInteract: FlhF
MW, pI	40 kDa, 8.719
Gene length, protein length	1098 bp, 366 aa
Immediate neighbours	flhA, ylxH
Get the DNA and protein sequences (Barbe et al., 2009)
Genetic context This image was kindly provided by SubtiList

Categories containing this gene/protein

motility and chemotaxis, membrane proteins

This gene is a member of the following regulons

CodY regulon, SigD regulon, Spo0A regulon

The gene

Basic information

• Locus tag: BSU16400

Database entries

• DBTBS entry: [1]

• SubtiList entry: [2]

The protein

Basic information/ Evolution

• Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity:
  • GTPase activity PubMed
  • placement of the first flagellar protein, FliF PubMed

• Protein family: GTP-binding SRP family (according to Swiss-Prot)

• Paralogous protein(s):

Extended information on the protein

• Kinetic information:

• Domains:

• Modification:

• Cofactor(s):

• Effectors of protein activity:
  • interaction with YlxH activates the GTPase activity of FlhF PubMed

• Interactions:
  • YlxH-FlhF (YlxH binds the GTP-bound homodimer of FlhF) PubMed

• Localization: cell membrane (according to Swiss-Prot)

Database entries

• Structure:
  • 2PX3 (complexed with GTP-Mg2+) PubMed
  • 3SYN (complex with its activator YlxH) PubMed

• UniProt: Q01960

• KEGG entry: [3]

• E.C. number:

Expression and regulation

• Operon:
  • flgB-flgC-fliE-fliF-fliG-fliH-fliI-fliJ-ylxF-fliK-ylxG-flgE-fliL-fliM-fliY-cheY-fliZ-fliP-fliQ-fliR-flhB-flhA-flhF-ylxH-cheB-cheA-cheW-cheC-cheD-sigD-swrB PubMed
  • ylxF-fliK-ylxG-flgE-fliL-fliM-fliY-cheY-fliZ-fliP-fliQ-fliR-flhB-flhA-flhF-ylxH-cheB-cheA-cheW-cheC-cheD-sigD-swrB PubMed

• Sigma factor:
  • flgB: SigA PubMed, SigD PubMed
  • ylxF: SigD PubMed

• Regulation:
  • repressed under conditions that trigger sporulation (Spo0A) PubMed

• Regulatory mechanism:
  • Spo0A: transcription repression PubMed
  • CodY: transcription repression PubMed
  • DegU (non-phosphorylated): transcription activation PubMed

• Additional information:

Biological materials

• Mutant:

• Expression vector:

• lacZ fusion:

• GFP fusion:

• two-hybrid system:

• Antibody:

References

Gert Bange, Nico Kümmerer, Przemyslaw Grudnik, Robert Lindner, Georg Petzold, Dieter Kressler, Ed Hurt, Klemens Wild, Irmgard Sinning
Structural basis for the molecular evolution of SRP-GTPase activation by protein.
Nat Struct Mol Biol: 2011, 18(12);1376-80
[PubMed:22056770] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (I e)

Kazuo Kobayashi
Gradual activation of the response regulator DegU controls serial expression of genes for flagellum formation and biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2007, 66(2);395-409
[PubMed:17850253] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Gert Bange, Georg Petzold, Klemens Wild, Richard O Parlitz, Irmgard Sinning
The crystal structure of the third signal-recognition particle GTPase FlhF reveals a homodimer with bound GTP.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2007, 104(34);13621-5
[PubMed:17699634] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Geeske Zanen, Haike Antelmann, Helga Westers, Michael Hecker, Jan Maarten van Dijl, Wim J Quax
FlhF, the third signal recognition particle-GTPase of Bacillus subtilis, is dispensable for protein secretion.
J Bacteriol: 2004, 186(17);5956-60
[PubMed:15317803] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

H Werhane, P Lopez, M Mendel, M Zimmer, G W Ordal, L M Márquez-Magaña
The last gene of the fla/che operon in Bacillus subtilis, ylxL, is required for maximal sigmaD function.
J Bacteriol: 2004, 186(12);4025-9
[PubMed:15175317] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

Virginie Molle, Masaya Fujita, Shane T Jensen, Patrick Eichenberger, José E González-Pastor, Jun S Liu, Richard Losick
The Spo0A regulon of Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2003, 50(5);1683-701
[PubMed:14651647] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

W Estacio, S S Anna-Arriola, M Adedipe, L M Márquez-Magaña
Dual promoters are responsible for transcription initiation of the fla/che operon in Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1998, 180(14);3548-55
[PubMed:9657996] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

L M Márquez-Magaña, M J Chamberlin
Characterization of the sigD transcription unit of Bacillus subtilis.
J Bacteriol: 1994, 176(8);2427-34
[PubMed:8157612] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)

P B Carpenter, D W Hanlon, G W Ordal
flhF, a Bacillus subtilis flagellar gene that encodes a putative GTP-binding protein.
Mol Microbiol: 1992, 6(18);2705-13
[PubMed:1447978] [WorldCat.org] [DOI] (P p)