View source for Sporulation

{{CategoryTree
|Parents=
* 4. [[Lifestyles]]
** 4.2. [[Sporulation and Germination]]
|Neighbours=
* 4.2.1. [[Sporulation proteins]]
* 4.2.2. [[Phosphorelay]]
* 4.2.3. [[Sporulation/ other]]
* 4.2.4. [[Germination]]
|Related=
* {{SubtiWiki regulon|[[SigE regulon]]}}
* {{SubtiWiki regulon|[[SigF regulon]]}}
* {{SubtiWiki regulon|[[SigG regulon]]}}
* {{SubtiWiki regulon|[[SigK regulon]]}} 
|}}

== Genes in this functional category ==

=== Spore coat proteins === 
==== Class I ====
* these proteins completly cover the membrane around the forespore
* early localizing spore coat proteins

* ''[[spoIVA]]''
* ''[[spoVM]]''
* ''[[spoVID]]''
* ''[[yaaH]]''
* ''[[yhaX]]''
* ''[[yuzC]]''

==== Class II ====
* these proteins localize simultaneously with the class I proteins but begin to encase the spore only after engulfment is complete
* early localizing spore coat proteins

* ''[[cotE]]''
* ''[[cotM]]''
* ''[[cotO]]''
* ''[[yncD]]''
* ''[[yheD]]''
* ''[[yknT]]''
* ''[[yhjR]]''

==== Class III ====
* these proteins localize simultaneously with the class I and class II proteins but start to encase the spore only after the appearance of phase dark spores (hr 4.5)
* early localizing spore coat proteins

* ''[[cotZ]]''
* ''[[cwlJ]]''
* ''[[tgl]]''
* ''[[yisY]]''
* ''[[ysxE]]''
* ''[[yutH]]''

==== Class IV ====
* late localizing spore coat proteins (only after completion of engulfment)
* intermediate between classes III and V

* ''[[cotT]]''
* ''[[ysnD]]''
* ''[[yybI]]''

==== Class V ====
* late localizing spore coat proteins (only after completion of engulfment)
* localize exclusively to phase dark spores
* localize simultaneously to both poles of the spore

* ''[[cotA]]''
* ''[[cotB]]''
* ''[[cotG]]''
* ''[[cotP]]''
* ''[[cotQ]]''
* ''[[cotS]]''
* ''[[cotW]]''
* ''[[lipC]]''
* ''[[oxdD]]''
* ''[[yeeK]]''
* ''[[yjzB]]''
* ''[[ylbD]]''
* ''[[ymaG]]''
* ''[[yppG]]''
* ''[[yqjC]]''
* ''[[ytxO]]''
* ''[[yxeE]]''

==== Class VI ====
* late localizing spore coat proteins (only after completion of engulfment)
* most delayed initial localization
* localize excluseively to phase bright spores

* ''[[cotD]]''
* ''[[cotU]]''

==== not yet assigned ====
* ''[[cgeA]]''
* ''[[cgeB]]''
* ''[[cgeC]]''
* ''[[cgeD]]''
* ''[[cgeE]]''
* ''[[cmpA]]''
* ''[[cotC]]''
* ''[[cotF]]''
* ''[[cotH]]''
* ''[[cotI]]''
* ''[[cotJA]]''
* ''[[cotJB]]''
* ''[[cotJC]]''
* ''[[cotR]]''
* ''[[cotSA]]''
* ''[[cotV]]''
* ''[[cotX]]''
* ''[[cotY]]''
* ''[[gerQ]]''
* ''[[gerR]]''
* ''[[gerT]]''
* ''[[ldt]]''
* ''[[safA]]''
* ''[[spsB]]''
* ''[[yabG]]''
* ''[[ygaK]]'' 
* ''[[ydhD]]''
* ''[[yhbB]]''
* ''[[yheC]]''
* ''[[yisJ]]''
* ''[[yjdH]]''
* ''[[ykvP]]''
* ''[[yobN]]'' 
* ''[[yodI]]''
* ''[[ypeP]]''
* ''[[yqfT]]''
* ''[[ywqH]]''

====Important publications on the spore coat====
<pubmed> 22171814 20451384 22192522 23202530 22262582 24283940  26512126 27790212</pubmed>

=== Spore coat protein/ based on similarity === 
* ''[[yraD]]''
* ''[[yraE]]''
* ''[[yraF]]''
* ''[[yraG]]''

=== Small acid-soluble spore proteins === 
* ''[[sspA]]''
* ''[[sspB]]''
* ''[[sspC]]''
* ''[[sspD]]''
* ''[[sspE]]''
* ''[[sspF]]''
* ''[[sspG]]''
* ''[[sspH]]''
* ''[[sspI]]''
* ''[[sspJ]]''
* ''[[sspK]]''
* ''[[sspL]]''
* ''[[sspM]]''
* ''[[sspN]]''
* ''[[sspO]]''
* ''[[sspP]]''

=== Non-homologous end joining DNA repair ===
* ''[[ligD]]''
* ''[[ykoV]]''

=== Utilization of specific carbon sources===
* ''[[hbuT]]''
* ''[[mmgA]]''
* ''[[mmgB]]''
* ''[[mmgC]]''
* ''[[mmgD]]''
* ''[[mmgE]]''
* ''[[scoA]]''
* ''[[scoB]]''
* ''[[yqiQ]]''
* ''[[yxjF]]''

=== Sporulation proteins/ other === 
* ''[[adhB]]''
* ''[[asd]]''
* ''[[asnO]]''
* ''[[azoR2]]''
* ''[[bdbC]]''
* ''[[bdbD]]''
* ''[[bofA]]''
* ''[[bofC]]''
* ''[[ccpB]]''
* ''[[cdaS]]''
* ''[[chaA]]''
* ''[[clpC]]''

* ''[[coxA]]''
* ''[[csbX]]''
* ''[[csfB]]''
* ''[[ctaA]]''
* ''[[ctpB]]''
* ''[[cwlC]]''
* ''[[cwlD]]''
* ''[[cwlH]]''
* ''[[dacB]]''
* ''[[dacF]]''
* ''[[dapA]]''
* ''[[dapG]]''
* ''[[divIB]]''
* ''[[divIC]]''
* ''[[exoA]]''
* ''[[exuR]]''
* ''[[exuT]]''
* ''[[fabL]]''
* ''[[fin]]''
* ''[[fisB]]''
* ''[[ftsY]]''

* ''[[glcU]]''
* ''[[glgA]]''
* ''[[glgB]]''
* ''[[glgC]]''
* ''[[glgD]]''
* ''[[glgP]]''
* ''[[glnH]]''
* ''[[glnM]]''
* ''[[glnP]]''
* ''[[glnQ]]''
* ''[[htrC]]''
* ''[[ispG]]''
* ''[[kamA]]''
* ''[[katX]]''
* ''[[lonB]]''
* ''[[lysA]]''
* ''[[lytH]]''
* ''[[mbl]]''
* ''[[mcsA]]''
* ''[[mcsB]]''

* ''[[murB]]''
* ''[[murG]]''
* ''[[mutTA]]''
* ''[[nfo]]''
* ''[[pbpF]]''
* ''[[pbpG]]''
* ''[[pbpI]]''
* ''[[pdaA]]''
* ''[[pdaB]]''
* ''[[pghL]]''
* ''[[phoB]]''
* ''[[phoP]]''
* ''[[phoR]]''
* ''[[prkA]]''
* ''[[remA]]''
* ''[[rsfA]]''

* ''[[sbp]]''

* ''[[seaA]]''
* ''[[sigF]]''
* ''[[sigG]]''
* ''[[sodF]]''
* ''[[splA]]''
* ''[[splB]]''
* ''[[spmA]]''
* ''[[spmB]]''
* ''[[spoIIAA]]''
* ''[[spoIIAB]]''
* ''[[spoIID]]''
* ''[[spoIIIAA]]''
* ''[[spoIIIAB]]''
* ''[[spoIIIAC]]''
* ''[[spoIIIAD]]''
* ''[[spoIIIAE]]''
* ''[[spoIIIAF]]''
* ''[[spoIIIAG]]''
* ''[[spoIIIAH]]''
* ''[[spoIIIC]]''
* ''[[spoIIID]]''
* ''[[spoIIIL]]''
* ''[[spoIIM]]''
* ''[[spoIIP]]''
* ''[[spoIIQ]]''
* ''[[spoIIT]]''
* ''[[spoIIR]]''
* ''[[spoIISA]]''
* ''[[spoIVA]]''
* ''[[spoIVB]]''
* ''[[spoIVCA]]''
* ''[[spoIVCB]]''
* ''[[spoIVFA]]''
* ''[[spoIVFB]]''
* ''[[spoVAA]]''
* ''[[spoVAB]]''
* ''[[spoVAC]]''
* ''[[spoVAF]]''
* ''[[spoVB]]''
* ''[[spoVD]]''
* ''[[spoVE]]''
* ''[[spoVFA]]''
* ''[[spoVFB]]''

* ''[[spoVIF]]''
* ''[[spoVK]]''

* ''[[spoVR]]''
* ''[[spoVT]]''
* ''[[sprB]]''
* ''[[spsA]]''

* ''[[spsC]]''
* ''[[spsD]]''
* ''[[spsE]]''
* ''[[spsF]]''
* ''[[spsG]]''
* ''[[spsI]]''
* ''[[spsJ]]''
* ''[[spsK]]''
* ''[[spsL]]''
* ''[[sqhC]]''
* ''[[sscA]]''
* ''[[stoA]]''

* ''[[tlp]]''
* ''[[tuaF]]''
* ''[[tuaG]]''
* ''[[tuaH]]''
* ''[[usd]]''
* ''[[uxaA]]''
* ''[[uxaB]]''
* ''[[uxuA]]''

* ''[[yabP]]''
* ''[[yabQ]]''
* ''[[yabR]]''
* ''[[yabT]]''
* ''[[ybaK]]''
* ''[[ybxH]]''
* ''[[ycgF]]''
* ''[[ycgG]]''
* ''[[yckC]]''
* ''[[yckD]]''
* ''[[ydcA]]''
* ''[[ydcC]]''
* ''[[ydfR]]''
* ''[[ydfS]]''
* ''[[ydgA]]''
* ''[[ydgB]]''

* ''[[ydhF]]''
* ''[[ydjP]]''
* ''[[yeaA]]''
* ''[[yesJ]]''
* ''[[yesK]]''
* ''[[yfnD]]''
* ''[[yfnE]]''
* ''[[yfnF]]''
* ''[[yfnG]]''
* ''[[yfnH]]''
* ''[[yhaL]]''

* ''[[yhbH]]''
* ''[[yhcM]]''
* ''[[yhcN]]''
* ''[[yhcO]]''
* ''[[yhcQ]]''
* ''[[yhcV]]''


* ''[[yhfM]]''
* ''[[yhfW]]''

* ''[[yhxC]]''

* ''[[yisZ]]''
* ''[[yitA]]''
* ''[[yitB]]''
* ''[[yitC]]''
* ''[[yitD]]''
* ''[[yitF]]''
* ''[[yitG]]''
* ''[[yjaV]]''
* ''[[yjbA]]''
* ''[[yjcA]]''

* ''[[yjfA]]''
* ''[[yjmC]]''
* ''[[yjmD]]''
* ''[[yjmF]]''

* ''[[ykvI]]''

* ''[[ykvQ]]''
* ''[[ykzQ]]'' 
* ''[[ylaJ]]''
* ''[[ylaM]]''
* ''[[ylbB]]''
* ''[[ylbC]]''

* ''[[ylbE]]''
* ''[[ylbJ]]''
* ''[[ylmC]]''
* ''[[ylxW]]''
* ''[[ylxX]]''
* ''[[ylyA]]''

* ''[[ymxH]]''
* ''[[yndA]]''

* ''[[yngE]]''
* ''[[yngF]]''
* ''[[yngG]]''
* ''[[yngH]]''
* ''[[yngHB]]''
* ''[[yngI]]''
* ''[[yngJ]]''
* ''[[yoaR]]''
* ''[[yoaW]]''
* ''[[yobW]]''
* ''[[yocL]]''
* ''[[yodH]]''

* ''[[yodP]]''
* ''[[yodQ]]''
* ''[[yodR]]''
* ''[[yodS]]''
* ''[[yodT]]''

* ''[[yokU]]''
* ''[[yozQ]]''

* ''[[ypfB]]''
* ''[[yphA]]''
* ''[[ypjB]]''
* ''[[ypqA]]''
* ''[[ypzA]]''
* ''[[yqcK]]''
* ''[[yqfC]]''
* ''[[yqfD]]''
* ''[[yqfQ]]''
* ''[[yqfU]]''
* ''[[yqfX]]''
* ''[[yqfZ]]''
* ''[[yqhG]]''
* ''[[yqhH]]''
* ''[[yqhP]]''
* ''[[yqhQ]]''

* ''[[yqxA]]''
* ''[[yqzG]]''
* ''[[yrkC]]''
* ''[[yrrD]]''
* ''[[yrrS]]''
* ''[[ytaF]]''
* ''[[ytcC]]''
* ''[[yteA]]''
* ''[[yteV]]''
* ''[[ytfI]]''

* ''[[ytlA]]''
* ''[[ytlC]]''
* ''[[ytlD]]''
* ''[[ytrH]]''
* ''[[ytrI]]''
* ''[[ytvI]]''
* ''[[ytxC]]''
* ''[[yuiC]]''

* ''[[yurS]]''
* ''[[yusN]]''
* ''[[yuzA]]''

* ''[[yvdQ]]''
* ''[[yveA]]''
* ''[[ywcA]]''
* ''[[ywcB]]''
* ''[[ywjD]]''
* ''[[ywjE]]''

* ''[[ywnJ]]''
* ''[[ywrJ]]''
* ''[[yxeD]]''

* ''[[yyaC]]''
* ''[[yyaD]]''

=== Newly identified sporulation proteins (based on transcription profiling) ===
* ''[[abnA]]''
* ''[[acdA]]''
* ''[[acoA]]''
* ''[[acoB]]''
* ''[[acoC]]''
* ''[[acoL]]''
* ''[[acoR]]''
* ''[[alkA]]''
* ''[[amiE]]''
* ''[[amyC]]''
* ''[[amyD]]''
* ''[[amyX]]''
* ''[[araL]]'' 
* ''[[araM]]''
* ''[[bglS]]''
* ''[[bmrC]]''
* ''[[bmrD]]''
* ''[[bpsA]]''
* ''[[bpsB]]''
* ''[[citA]]'' 
* ''[[citH]]''
* ''[[comER]]''
* ''[[cypA]]''
* ''[[degQ]]''
* ''[[dtpT]]''
* ''[[fadA]]''
* ''[[fadF]]''
* ''[[fadM]]''
* ''[[fadN]]''
* ''[[ggt]]''
* ''[[hemZ]]''
* ''[[ispA]]''
* ''[[kapD]]''
* ''[[kbl]]''
* ''[[licA]]''
* ''[[licB]]''
* ''[[licC]]''
* ''[[licH]]''
* ''[[lplD]]''
* ''[[mciZ]]''
* ''[[mdxE]]''
* ''[[mdxF]]''
* ''[[mdxG]]''
* ''[[melA]]''
* ''[[msmE]]''
* ''[[mstX]]''
* ''[[murP]]''
* ''[[murQ]]''
* ''[[murR]]''
* ''[[nrnB]]''
* ''[[nagZ]]''
* ''[[pgcM]]''
* ''[[pucH]]''
* ''[[racA]]''
* ''[[tdh]]''
* ''[[sigE]]''
* ''[[spoIIE]]''
* ''[[spoVC]]''
* ''[[ugd]]''
* ''[[xpaC]]'' 
* ''[[yaaC]]''
* ''[[yabS]]''
* ''[[ybbC]]''
* ''[[ybeF]]''
* ''[[ybfJ]]''
* ''[[ycgI]]''
* ''[[ycgH]]'' 
* ''[[ycgL]]''

* ''[[yclG]]''
* ''[[yczM]]''
* ''[[ydzH]]''
* ''[[ydzR]]''
* ''[[yerA]]'' 
* ''[[yetF]]''
* ''[[yezF]]''
* ''[[ygzA]]''
* ''[[ygzC]]''
* ''[[yfhM]]'' 
* ''[[yfhS]]''
* ''[[yflJ]]''
* ''[[yflN]]''
* ''[[yfmA]]''
* ''[[yhaR]]''
* ''[[yheA]]''
* ''[[yhcT]]''
* ''[[yhcW]]'' 
* ''[[yhdB]]''
* ''[[yhdC]]''
* ''[[yhdF]]'' 
* ''[[yheF]]''
* ''[[yhfA]]''
* ''[[yhfN]]''
* ''[[yhjQ]]''
* ''[[yhzD]]''
* ''[[yhzF]]''
* ''[[yisN]]''
* ''[[yitE]]''
* ''[[yitQ]]''
* ''[[yizC]]''
* ''[[yizD]]''
* ''[[yjaU]]''
* ''[[yjaZ]]'' 
* ''[[yjbE]]''
* ''[[yjnA]]''
* ''[[yjqC]]''
* ''[[yjzC]]''
* ''[[yjzK]]''
* ''[[ykjA]]''
* ''[[ykoN]]''
* ''[[ykoP]]'' 
* ''[[ykoQ]]''
* ''[[ykoS]]''
* ''[[ykoT]]'' 
* ''[[ykoY]]''
* ''[[ykpC]]''
* ''[[ykuS]]''
* ''[[ykwB]]''
* ''[[ykzD]]'' 
* ''[[ykzE]]'' 
* ''[[ykzH]]''
* ''[[ylaK]]''
* ''[[yloB]]''
* ''[[ylxY]]'' 
* ''[[ymaF]]''
* ''[[ymfD]]''
* ''[[ymfH]]''
* ''[[ymfI]]''  
* ''[[ymfJ]]''
* ''[[yndM]]''
* ''[[ynfE]]''
* ''[[yngK]]''
* ''[[yngL]]'' 
* ''[[ynzE]]''
* ''[[yoaI]]'' 
* ''[[yoaM]]''
* ''[[yoaQ]]''
* ''[[yoaU]]''
* ''[[yocN]]''
* ''[[yodU]]''
* ''[[yodL]]''
* ''[[yodN]]''
* ''[[yojB]]''
* ''[[yoqH]]''
* ''[[yosA]]''
* ''[[yozD]]'' 
* ''[[yozE]]'' 
* ''[[yozF]]''
* ''[[yozN]]''
* ''[[yozP]]''
* ''[[ypeP]]''
* ''[[ypeQ]]''
* ''[[yppC]]'' 
* ''[[yppD]]''
* ''[[ypqP]]''
* ''[[yptA]]''
* ''[[ypuI]]''
* ''[[yqcI]]''
* ''[[ypzC]]''
* ''[[yqaN]]''
* ''[[yqaO]]''
* ''[[yqeC]]'' 
* ''[[yqgE]]''
* ''[[yqgO]]''
* ''[[yqhO]]'' 
* ''[[yqhR]]'' 
* ''[[yqhV]]''
* ''[[yqjB]]''
* ''[[yqjC]]''
* ''[[yrbE]]'' 
* ''[[yrbD]]''
* ''[[yrbG]]''
* ''[[yrdN]]'' 
* ''[[yrrI]]''
* ''[[yrrT]]'' 
* ''[[yrzA]]''
* ''[[yrzE]]''
* ''[[yrzF]]''
* ''[[yrzI]]''
* ''[[yrzK]]'' 
* ''[[ysnE]]'' 
* ''[[ytaG]]''
* ''[[ytcA]]'' 
* ''[[ytcB]]'' 
* ''[[ytdA]]'' 
* ''[[yteT]]''
* ''[[ythA]]''
* ''[[ythB]]''
* ''[[ytvB]]''
* ''[[ytwI]]''
* ''[[ytzC]]''
* ''[[ytzH]]''
* ''[[yubC]]'' 
* ''[[yueG]]''
* ''[[yufS]]''
* ''[[yugF]]''
* ''[[yugO]]'' 
* ''[[yugS]]''
* ''[[yugT]]''
* ''[[yumB]]'' 
* ''[[yunC]]''
* ''[[yurZ]]''
* ''[[yusW]]'' 
* ''[[yutC]]''
* ''[[yutG]]''
* ''[[yuzE]]'' 
* ''[[yuzF]]''
* ''[[yvaC]]''
* ''[[yvaG]]'' 
* ''[[yvaK]]'' 
* ''[[yvaM]]'' 
* ''[[yvdA]]'' 
* ''[[yvnB]]''
* ''[[ywaF]]'' 
* ''[[ywbB]]''
* ''[[ywkF]]''
* ''[[ywbA]]''
* ''[[ywcI]]''
* ''[[ywhK]]''
* ''[[ywhL]]''
* ''[[ywmA]]''
* ''[[ywnG]]''
* ''[[ywoC]]''
* ''[[ywoD]]''
* ''[[ywqH]]'' 
* ''[[ywqI]]'' 
* ''[[ywqK]]'' 
* ''[[ywqL]]'' 
* ''[[ywrK]]''
* ''[[yxbA]]'' 
* ''[[yyaL]]''
* ''[[yybP]]''
* ''[[yycE]]''
* ''[[yycN]]'' 
* ''[[yycO]]'' 
* ''[[yycP]]'' 
* ''[[yycQ]]''
* ''[[yyzB]]''

==Important reviews==
<pubmed>22091839 20833318 16045607 15819616 15659154 15556029 15187183 15035041 2257467 22882546 24983526 25646759   27364121 27148245 27501460 
</pubmed>

==Important original publications==
<pubmed>21667307 21665972 21905219 23284278 25341802 25356555 25548246 26735940 29425492 </pubmed>

== Important web site: [http://sporeweb.molgenrug.nl/  SporeWeb] ==
* [http://sporeweb.molgenrug.nl/  SporeWeb] is a dynamic web-based platform describing all stages of [[sporulation]] in ''B. subtilis'' from a gene regulatory point of view. The website is intended for all microbial researches interested in bacterial [[sporulation]] and/or gene regulatory networks and contains useful information for both [[sporulation]] experts and non-experts.
* You can find:
** detailed review-like descriptions of all [[sporulation]] stages,
** schematic representations of regulatory events during every stage,
** links to specific regulators and their [[regulons]],
** access to detailed Excel sheets of all sporulation-specific [[regulons]],
** Cytoscape-generated layouts of regulon interactions during a specific stage,
** a tool to generate your own Cytoscape interaction figure for specific genes of interest,
** heat maps showing expression values of all [[sporulation]] genes during the sporulation cycle (derived from [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383849  Nicolas ''et al''., 2012]),
** direct links to other knowledge platforms, such as ''Subti''Wiki,
** an extensive list of references for further detailed information.
* The website is self explanatory, but you can also take a quick look at [http://youtu.be/XSTpU80o4t0 the short introduction video].
* Importantly, the website is database driven: it can (and will) be updated as new exciting insights become available in literature.
<pubmed>24170806</pubmed>

=Back to [[categories]]=