Sporulation
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Contents
- 1 Genes in this functional category
- 2 Important reviews
- 3 Important original publications
- 4 Important web site: SporeWeb
- 5 Back to categories
Genes in this functional category
Spore coat proteins
Class I
- these proteins completly cover the membrane around the forespore
- early localizing spore coat proteins
Class II
- these proteins localize simultaneously with the class I proteins but begin to encase the spore only after engulfment is complete
- early localizing spore coat proteins
Class III
- these proteins localize simultaneously with the class I and class II proteins but start to encase the spore only after the appearance of phase dark spores (hr 4.5)
- early localizing spore coat proteins
Class IV
- late localizing spore coat proteins (only after completion of engulfment)
- intermediate between classes III and V
Class V
- late localizing spore coat proteins (only after completion of engulfment)
- localize exclusively to phase dark spores
- localize simultaneously to both poles of the spore
Class VI
- late localizing spore coat proteins (only after completion of engulfment)
- most delayed initial localization
- localize excluseively to phase bright spores
not yet assigned
- cgeA
- cgeB
- cgeC
- cgeD
- cgeE
- cmpA
- cotC
- cotF
- cotH
- cotI
- cotJA
- cotJB
- cotJC
- cotR
- cotSA
- cotV
- cotX
- cotY
- gerQ
- gerR
- gerT
- ldt
- safA
- spsB
- yabG
- ygaK
- ydhD
- yhbB
- yheC
- yisJ
- yjdH
- ykvP
- yobN
- yodI
- ypeP
- yqfT
- ywqH
Important publications on the spore coat
Wishwas R Abhyankar, Kiki Kamphorst, Bhagyashree N Swarge, Henk van Veen, Nicole N van der Wel, Stanley Brul, Chris G de Koster, Leo J de Koning
##Title##
Front Microbiol: 2016, 7;1636
[PubMed:27790212]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(P e)
George C Stewart
The Exosporium Layer of Bacterial Spores: a Connection to the Environment and the Infected Host.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev: 2015, 79(4);437-57
[PubMed:26512126]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Hong Qin, Adam Driks
Contrasting evolutionary patterns of spore coat proteins in two Bacillus species groups are linked to a difference in cellular structure.
BMC Evol Biol: 2013, 13;261
[PubMed:24283940]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I e)
Peter T McKenney, Adam Driks, Patrick Eichenberger
The Bacillus subtilis endospore: assembly and functions of the multilayered coat.
Nat Rev Microbiol: 2013, 11(1);33-44
[PubMed:23202530]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Haiyan Qiao, Daniela Krajcikova, Caisheng Liu, Yongjun Li, Hongda Wang, Imrich Barak, Jilin Tang
The interactions of spore-coat morphogenetic proteins studied by single-molecule recognition force spectroscopy.
Chem Asian J: 2012, 7(4);725-31
[PubMed:22262582]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Peter Setlow
Dynamics of the assembly of a complex macromolecular structure--the coat of spores of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2012, 83(2);241-4
[PubMed:22192522]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Peter T McKenney, Patrick Eichenberger
Dynamics of spore coat morphogenesis in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2012, 83(2);245-60
[PubMed:22171814]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Peter T McKenney, Adam Driks, Haig A Eskandarian, Paul Grabowski, Jonathan Guberman, Katherine H Wang, Zemer Gitai, Patrick Eichenberger
A distance-weighted interaction map reveals a previously uncharacterized layer of the Bacillus subtilis spore coat.
Curr Biol: 2010, 20(10);934-8
[PubMed:20451384]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Spore coat protein/ based on similarity
Small acid-soluble spore proteins
Non-homologous end joining DNA repair
Utilization of specific carbon sources
Sporulation proteins/ other
- coxA
- csbX
- csfB
- ctaA
- ctpB
- cwlC
- cwlD
- cwlH
- dacB
- dacF
- dapA
- dapG
- divIB
- divIC
- exoA
- exuR
- exuT
- fabL
- fin
- fisB
- ftsY
- seaA
- sigF
- sigG
- sodF
- splA
- splB
- spmA
- spmB
- spoIIAA
- spoIIAB
- spoIID
- spoIIIAA
- spoIIIAB
- spoIIIAC
- spoIIIAD
- spoIIIAE
- spoIIIAF
- spoIIIAG
- spoIIIAH
- spoIIIC
- spoIIID
- spoIIIL
- spoIIM
- spoIIP
- spoIIQ
- spoIIT
- spoIIR
- spoIISA
- spoIVA
- spoIVB
- spoIVCA
- spoIVCB
- spoIVFA
- spoIVFB
- spoVAA
- spoVAB
- spoVAC
- spoVAF
- spoVB
- spoVD
- spoVE
- spoVFA
- spoVFB
Newly identified sporulation proteins (based on transcription profiling)
- abnA
- acdA
- acoA
- acoB
- acoC
- acoL
- acoR
- alkA
- amiE
- amyC
- amyD
- amyX
- araL
- araM
- bglS
- bmrC
- bmrD
- bpsA
- bpsB
- citA
- citH
- comER
- cypA
- degQ
- dtpT
- fadA
- fadF
- fadM
- fadN
- ggt
- hemZ
- ispA
- kapD
- kbl
- licA
- licB
- licC
- licH
- lplD
- mciZ
- mdxE
- mdxF
- mdxG
- melA
- msmE
- mstX
- murP
- murQ
- murR
- nrnB
- nagZ
- pgcM
- pucH
- racA
- tdh
- sigE
- spoIIE
- spoVC
- ugd
- xpaC
- yaaC
- yabS
- ybbC
- ybeF
- ybfJ
- ycgI
- ycgH
- ycgL
- yclG
- yczM
- ydzH
- ydzR
- yerA
- yetF
- yezF
- ygzA
- ygzC
- yfhM
- yfhS
- yflJ
- yflN
- yfmA
- yhaR
- yheA
- yhcT
- yhcW
- yhdB
- yhdC
- yhdF
- yheF
- yhfA
- yhfN
- yhjQ
- yhzD
- yhzF
- yisN
- yitE
- yitQ
- yizC
- yizD
- yjaU
- yjaZ
- yjbE
- yjnA
- yjqC
- yjzC
- yjzK
- ykjA
- ykoN
- ykoP
- ykoQ
- ykoS
- ykoT
- ykoY
- ykpC
- ykuS
- ykwB
- ykzD
- ykzE
- ykzH
- ylaK
- yloB
- ylxY
- ymaF
- ymfD
- ymfH
- ymfI
- ymfJ
- yndM
- ynfE
- yngK
- yngL
- ynzE
- yoaI
- yoaM
- yoaQ
- yoaU
- yocN
- yodU
- yodL
- yodN
- yojB
- yoqH
- yosA
- yozD
- yozE
- yozF
- yozN
- yozP
- ypeP
- ypeQ
- yppC
- yppD
- ypqP
- yptA
- ypuI
- yqcI
- ypzC
- yqaN
- yqaO
- yqeC
- yqgE
- yqgO
- yqhO
- yqhR
- yqhV
- yqjB
- yqjC
- yrbE
- yrbD
- yrbG
- yrdN
- yrrI
- yrrT
- yrzA
- yrzE
- yrzF
- yrzI
- yrzK
- ysnE
- ytaG
- ytcA
- ytcB
- ytdA
- yteT
- ythA
- ythB
- ytvB
- ytwI
- ytzC
- ytzH
- yubC
- yueG
- yufS
- yugF
- yugO
- yugS
- yugT
- yumB
- yunC
- yurZ
- yusW
- yutC
- yutG
- yuzE
- yuzF
- yvaC
- yvaG
- yvaK
- yvaM
- yvdA
- yvnB
- ywaF
- ywbB
- ywkF
- ywbA
- ywcI
- ywhK
- ywhL
- ywmA
- ywnG
- ywoC
- ywoD
- ywqH
- ywqI
- ywqK
- ywqL
- ywrK
- yxbA
- yyaL
- yybP
- yycE
- yycN
- yycO
- yycP
- yycQ
- yyzB
Important reviews
Jatin Narula, Masaya Fujita, Oleg A Igoshin
Functional requirements of cellular differentiation: lessons from Bacillus subtilis.
Curr Opin Microbiol: 2016, 34;38-46
[PubMed:27501460]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Jelle Slager, Jan-Willem Veening
Hard-Wired Control of Bacterial Processes by Chromosomal Gene Location.
Trends Microbiol: 2016, 24(10);788-800
[PubMed:27364121]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Frédérique Pompeo, Elodie Foulquier, Anne Galinier
Impact of Serine/Threonine Protein Kinases on the Regulation of Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
Front Microbiol: 2016, 7;568
[PubMed:27148245]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(P e)
Kelly A Fimlaid, Aimee Shen
Diverse mechanisms regulate sporulation sigma factor activity in the Firmicutes.
Curr Opin Microbiol: 2015, 24;88-95
[PubMed:25646759]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Irene S Tan, Kumaran S Ramamurthi
Spore formation in Bacillus subtilis.
Environ Microbiol Rep: 2014, 6(3);212-25
[PubMed:24983526]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Michael Y Galperin, Sergei L Mekhedov, Pere Puigbo, Sergey Smirnov, Yuri I Wolf, Daniel J Rigden
Genomic determinants of sporulation in Bacilli and Clostridia: towards the minimal set of sporulation-specific genes.
Environ Microbiol: 2012, 14(11);2870-90
[PubMed:22882546]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Douglas Higgins, Jonathan Dworkin
Recent progress in Bacillus subtilis sporulation.
FEMS Microbiol Rev: 2012, 36(1);131-48
[PubMed:22091839]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Michiel J L de Hoon, Patrick Eichenberger, Dennis Vitkup
Hierarchical evolution of the bacterial sporulation network.
Curr Biol: 2010, 20(17);R735-45
[PubMed:20833318]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Imrich Barák, Anthony J Wilkinson
Where asymmetry in gene expression originates.
Mol Microbiol: 2005, 57(3);611-20
[PubMed:16045607]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(P p)
Michael D Yudkin, Joanna Clarkson
Differential gene expression in genetically identical sister cells: the initiation of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.
Mol Microbiol: 2005, 56(3);578-89
[PubMed:15819616]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(P p)
Imrich Barák, Ezio Ricca, Simon M Cutting
From fundamental studies of sporulation to applied spore research.
Mol Microbiol: 2005, 55(2);330-8
[PubMed:15659154]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(P p)
Patrick J Piggot, David W Hilbert
Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis.
Curr Opin Microbiol: 2004, 7(6);579-86
[PubMed:15556029]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(P p)
David W Hilbert, Patrick J Piggot
Compartmentalization of gene expression during Bacillus subtilis spore formation.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev: 2004, 68(2);234-62
[PubMed:15187183]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(P p)
Jeff Errington
Regulation of endospore formation in Bacillus subtilis.
Nat Rev Microbiol: 2003, 1(2);117-26
[PubMed:15035041]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(P p)
R R Freedman
Raynaud's phenomenon, lack of neurological influence.
Br J Rheumatol: 1990, 29(6);492-3
[PubMed:2257467]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(P p)
Important original publications
Javier Lopez-Garrido, Nikola Ojkic, Kanika Khanna, Felix R Wagner, Elizabeth Villa, Robert G Endres, Kit Pogliano
Chromosome Translocation Inflates Bacillus Forespores and Impacts Cellular Morphology.
Cell: 2018, 172(4);758-770.e14
[PubMed:29425492]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Alexander J Meeske, Christopher D A Rodrigues, Jacqueline Brady, Hoong Chuin Lim, Thomas G Bernhardt, David Z Rudner
High-Throughput Genetic Screens Identify a Large and Diverse Collection of New Sporulation Genes in Bacillus subtilis.
PLoS Biol: 2016, 14(1);e1002341
[PubMed:26735940]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I e)
Sonali Ghosh, George Korza, Mark Maciejewski, Peter Setlow
Analysis of metabolism in dormant spores of Bacillus species by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of low-molecular-weight compounds.
J Bacteriol: 2015, 197(5);992-1001
[PubMed:25548246]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Nikola Ojkic, Javier López-Garrido, Kit Pogliano, Robert G Endres
Bistable forespore engulfment in Bacillus subtilis by a zipper mechanism in absence of the cell wall.
PLoS Comput Biol: 2014, 10(10);e1003912
[PubMed:25356555]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I e)
Adaoha E C Ihekwaba, Ivan Mura, Gary C Barker
Computational modelling and analysis of the molecular network regulating sporulation initiation in Bacillus subtilis.
BMC Syst Biol: 2014, 8;119
[PubMed:25341802]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I e)
Jordi van Gestel, Martin A Nowak, Corina E Tarnita
The evolution of cell-to-cell communication in a sporulating bacterium.
PLoS Comput Biol: 2012, 8(12);e1002818
[PubMed:23284278]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Wishwas Abhyankar, Alex Ter Beek, Henk Dekker, Remco Kort, Stanley Brul, Chris G de Koster
Gel-free proteomic identification of the Bacillus subtilis insoluble spore coat protein fraction.
Proteomics: 2011, 11(23);4541-50
[PubMed:21905219]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Langyong Mao, Shantong Jiang, Bin Wang, Liang Chen, Qin Yao, Keping Chen
Protein profile of Bacillus subtilis spore.
Curr Microbiol: 2011, 63(2);198-205
[PubMed:21667307]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Daisuke Imamura, Ritsuko Kuwana, Hiromu Takamatsu, Kazuhito Watabe
Proteins involved in formation of the outermost layer of Bacillus subtilis spores.
J Bacteriol: 2011, 193(16);4075-80
[PubMed:21665972]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)
Important web site: SporeWeb
- SporeWeb is a dynamic web-based platform describing all stages of sporulation in B. subtilis from a gene regulatory point of view. The website is intended for all microbial researches interested in bacterial sporulation and/or gene regulatory networks and contains useful information for both sporulation experts and non-experts.
- You can find:
- detailed review-like descriptions of all sporulation stages,
- schematic representations of regulatory events during every stage,
- links to specific regulators and their regulons,
- access to detailed Excel sheets of all sporulation-specific regulons,
- Cytoscape-generated layouts of regulon interactions during a specific stage,
- a tool to generate your own Cytoscape interaction figure for specific genes of interest,
- heat maps showing expression values of all sporulation genes during the sporulation cycle (derived from Nicolas et al., 2012),
- direct links to other knowledge platforms, such as SubtiWiki,
- an extensive list of references for further detailed information.
- The website is self explanatory, but you can also take a quick look at the short introduction video.
- Importantly, the website is database driven: it can (and will) be updated as new exciting insights become available in literature.
Robyn T Eijlander, Anne de Jong, Antonina O Krawczyk, Siger Holsappel, Oscar P Kuipers
SporeWeb: an interactive journey through the complete sporulation cycle of Bacillus subtilis.
Nucleic Acids Res: 2014, 42(Database issue);D685-91
[PubMed:24170806]
[WorldCat.org]
[DOI]
(I p)